Table 2.
Adjusted change per year in% (95% CI) for urinary concentrations of phenols, phthalate metabolites and other EDCs among study participants between 2000 and 2017.
| Total cohorta | Sexb | Agec | BMId | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | <35 years | ≥35 years | <25 kg/m2 | ≥25 kg/m2 | ||
| triclocarban | −0.53 (−4.58, 3.53) | −1.04 (−5.08, 3.00) | 1.82 (−9.59, 1.32) | 1.61 (−2.62, 5.83) | −3.45 (−10.4, 3.48) | 1.73 (−2.37, 5.83) | −2.72 (−10.1, 4.61) |
| DINCH | |||||||
| MHiNCH | 20.0 (17.8, 22.2) | 19.0 (16.4, 21.6) | 22.8 (18.4, 27.1) | 20.4 (17.0, 23.8) | 19.1 (16.1, 22.1) | 20.4 (17.4, 23.5) | 20.3 (17.0, 23.6) |
| MCOCH | 16.2 (14.0, 18.4) | 16.3 (13.7, 18.8) | 15.5 (11.5, 19.6) | 17.1 (13.9, 20.4) | 15.0 (11.9, 18.2) | 15.4 (13.4, 19.3) | 16.9 (13.4, 20.3) |
| Phenols | |||||||
| BPA | −6.30 (−7.19, −5.40) | −9.46 (−10.6, −8.33) | −2.60 (−3.91, −1.29) | −6.12 (−7.44, −4.80) | −6.17 (−7.37, −4.97) | −7.94 (−9.23, −6.64) | −4.37 (−5.93, −3.53) |
| BPS | 3.92 (2.66, 7.57) | 4.66 (5.09, 8.81) | 1.64 (−5.99, 9.28) | 4.79 (−0.56, 10.2) | 3.56 (−1.60, 8.72) | 4.19 (−0.60, 8.98) | 4.17 (−1.38, 9.72) |
| BPF | 6.01 (1.78, 10.3) | 9.43 (4.47, 14.4) | −4.43 (−12.2, 3.37) | 5.86 (−0.16, 11.9) | 6.35 (0.35, 12.3) | 6.96 (1.45, 12.5) | 5.23 (−11.8, 11.7) |
| benzophenone-3 | −6.48 (−1.11, −18.9) | −8.87 (−14.7, −3.07) | 0.14 (−6.14, 6.42) | −6.71 (−13.4, −0.74) | −4.06 (−9.39, 12.8) | −11.9 (−18.8, −50.5) | −0.33 (−5.67, 5.61) |
| butylparaben | −14.2 (−16.2, −12.3) | −26.2 (−29.3, −23.0) | −4.96 (−6.93, −2.98) | −15.1 (−18.1, −12.1) | −13.5 (−16.1, −10.8) | −18.4 (−21.7, −15.1) | −10.9 (−13.2, −8.67) |
| ethylparaben | −11.8 (−18.3, −5.41) | −16.1 (−23.8, −8.25) | 1.03 (−8.39, 10.5) | −16.9 (−25.6, −8.34) | −9.78 (−18.7, −0.90) | −13.3 (−22.8, −3.73) | −9.91 (−18.4, −1.38) |
| methylparaben | −5.37 (−7.04, −3.69) | −13.2 (−15.5, −10.8) | 1.24 (−0.79, 3.28) | −4.84 (−7.53, −2.14) | −5.24 (−7.36, −3.11) | −8.04 (−10.7, −5.44) | −2.78 (−4.82, −0.75) |
| propylparaben | −10.2 (−12.5, −8.03) | −17.4 (−20.6, −14.2) | −3.91 (−6.78, −1.05) | −10.7 (−14.1, −7.30) | −9.22 (−12.0, −6.39) | −13.8 (−17.3, −10.3) | −7.12 (−9.85, −4.39) |
| 2,4-dichlorophenol | −6.57 (−8.80, −4.34) | −6.50 (−9.05, −3.96) | −6.22 (−10.8, −1.67) | −8.85 (−11.9, −5.03) | −4.21 (−7.03, −1.40) | −8.55 (−11.7, −5.45) | −4.47 (−7.63, −1.31) |
| 2,5-dichlorophenol | −13.6 (−17.0, −10.3) | −12.3 (−16.3, −8.38) | −17.0 (−22.9, −11.2) | −17.0 (−22.1, −11.9) | −10.7 (−15.1, −6.41) | −12.6 (−17.3, −7.79) | −14.8 (−19.1, −10.5) |
| triclosan | −18.8 (−24.0, −13.6) | −17.0 (−23.5, −10.6) | −24.1 (−32.1, −16.0) | −19.8 (−27.3 −12.3) | −16.5 (−23.2, −9.75) | −23.4 (−30.8, −16.0) | −15.6 (−22.7, −8.47) |
| Phthalates | |||||||
| MEP | −11.5 (−12.5, −9.67) | −11.2 (−13.4, −8.84) | −12.4 (−14.7, −10.2) | −9.47 (−11.5, −7.50) | −12.2 (−14.0, −10.3) | −8.69 (−10.8, −6.53) | −12.7 (−14.6, −10.8) |
| MBP | −3.33 (−4.44, −2.24) | −6.11 (−7.63, −4.60) | −3.74 (−6.09, −1.40) | −2.42 (−4.05, −0.80) | −3.83 (−5.20, −2.46) | −4.29 (−5.98, −2.60) | −3.22 (−4.83, −1.61) |
| MHBP | 0.47 (−2.42, 3.36) | −0.33 (−3.75, 3.09) | 3.11 (−2.05, 8.28) | 1.16 (−3.31, 5.62) | 0.06 (−3.37, 3.86) | 1.27 (−2.64, 5.19) | 0.09 (−4.32, 4.33) |
| MiBP | 5.53 (4.34, 6.73) | 5.54 (3.99, 7.10) | 5.35 (3.53, 7.18) | 5.70 (3.81, 7.59) | 5.78 (4.39, 7.23) | 6.16 (4.39, 7.92) | 4.66 (3.08, 6.23) |
| MCPP | −3.19 (−4.64, −1.76) | −5.15 (−7.03, −3.26) | −0.34 (−2.52, 1.83) | −3.10 (−5.30, −0.91) | −2.83 (−4.67, −1.01) | −3.28 (−5.33, −1.22) | −3.02 (−5.04, −1.00) |
| MBzP | −2.99 (−4.18, −1.80) | −1.62 (−3.49, 0.26) | −5.82 (−8.11, −3.52) | −1.15 (−2.89, 0.59) | −4.43 (−5.97, −2.89) | −1.45 (−3.21, 0.33) | −4.79 (−6.43, −3.15) |
| MEHP | −11.9 (−13.1, −10.8) | −14.9 (−16.2, −13.5) | −11.0 (−13.2, −8.78) | −10.2 (−11.9, −8.46) | −13.3 (−14.8, −11.7) | −12.8 (−14.2, −11.3) | −11.7 (−13.4, −9.94) |
| MEHHP | −19.1 (−20.2, −18.1) | −20.4 (−21.8, −19.1) | −18.6 (−20.3, −16.8) | −19.0 (−20.6, −17.4) | −19.4 (−20.8, −18.1) | −19.0 (−20.1, 16.8) | −19.5 (−20.9, −18.0) |
| MEOHP | −19.6 (−20.6, −18.5) | −20.0 (−21.4, −18.7) | −19.9 (−21.8, −18.2) | −19.3 (−20.9, −17.7) | −20.0 (−21.4, −18.7) | −19.2 (−20.7, −17.7) | −20.3 (−21.8, −18.8) |
| MECPP | −22.0 (−23.1, −20.9) | −20.7 (−22.0, −19.4) | −25.2 (−27.2, −23.2) | −22.2 (−23.8, −20.6) | −21.8 (−23.2, −20.4) | −20.6 (−22.0, −19.1) | −23.8 (−25.3, −22.3) |
| MCOP | 2.13 (0.01, 4.26) | −2.14 (−0.47, 4.75) | 1.97 (−1.60, 5.54) | 2.11 (−1.07, 5.28) | 2.61 (−0.16, 5.38) | 3.43 (0.44, 6.41) | 0.49 (−2.47, 3.45) |
| MONP | −47.3 (−53.5, −41.1) | −42.8 (−50.0, −35.8) | −60.0 (−72.5, −47.6) | −44.8 (−54.3, −35.4) | −48.2 (−56.2, −40.2) | −47.4 (−55.3, −39.4) | −45.8 (−54.8, −36.8) |
| MCNP | −7.42 (−8.84, −5.99) | −7.16 (−8.88, −5.45) | −8.14 (−10.6, −5.64) | −7.40 (−9.54, −5.26) | −6.92 (−8.82, −5.02) | −7.13 (−9.08, −5.17) | −7.77 (−9.81, −5.72) |
| MECPTP | 45.1 (38.2, 52.0) | 46.0 (38.2, 53.9) | 42.0 (28.9, 55.1) | 40.8 (30.8, 50.7) | 50.3 (40.7, 59.9) | 47.4 (37.8, 57.0) | 44.8 (34.6, 55.0) |
| MEHHTP | 32.0 (26.4, 37.7) | 31.1 (24.7, 37.7) | 35.5 (24.7, 46.3) | 30.4 (22.0, 38.9) | 34.9 (27.2, 42.6) | 31.2 (23.6, 38.8) | 34.6 (26.1, 43.0) |
Adjusted for aage, BMI, sex and specific gravity; bage, BMI, and specific gravity; cBMI, sex and specific gravity; dage, sex and specific gravity.
Abbreviations: BPA, bisphenol A; BPS, bisphenol S; BPF, bisphenol F; MEP, monoethyl phthalate; MBP, mono-n-butyl phthalate; MHBP, mono-hydroxybutyl phthalate; MiBP, mono-isobutyl phthalate; MCPP, mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate; MBzP, monobenzyl phthalate; MEHP, mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate; MEHHP, mono-2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl phthalate; MEOHP, mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate; MECPP, mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate; MCOP, monocarboxyisooctyl phthalate; MONP, monooxononyl phthalate; MCNP, monocarboxyisononyl phthalate; MHiNCH, cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid monohydroxy isononyl ester; MCOCH, cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid monocarboxyisooctyl ester; MECPTP, mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl; MEHHTP, mono-2-ethyl-5-hydrohexyl terephthalate.