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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2023 Jun 15;24(10):1465–1470.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.05.011

Table 1.

Baseline descriptive statistics for the total sample and by cognitive impairment status during the study.

Unimpaired Impaired Total
N 17104 (75.6%) 5507 (24.4%) 22611 (100%)
N assessments 39430 (77.6%) 11356 (22.4%) 50786 (100%)
Sex (Women) 10043 (58.7%) 3159 (57.4%) 13202 (58.4%)
Black 2527 (14.8%) 1489 (27.0%) 4016 (17.8%)
White 13289 (77.7%) 3528 (64.1%) 16817 (74.4%)
Other race 1288 (7.5%) 490 (8.9%) 1778 (7.9%)
Latinx 1856 (10.9%) 878 (15.9%) 2734 (12.1%)
Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD)
Age, yr. 63.00 (9.52) 70.32 (11.07) 64.79 (10.40)
Time, yr. 5.45 (4.63) 4.52 (4.34) 5.23 (4.58)
Assessments 2.31 (1.13) 2.06 (1.04) 2.25 (1.11)
Education, yr. 13.33 (2.76) 11.00 (3.52) 12.76 (3.13)
TICSm 16.79 (3.27) 10.79 (3.91) 15.33 (4.29)
Neuroticism 2.04 (0.62) 2.11 (0.65) 2.06 (0.63)
Extraversion 3.21 (0.55) 3.16 (0.58) 3.19 (0.56)
Openness 3.00 (0.54) 2.81 (0.60) 2.95 (0.56)
Agreeableness 3.54 (0.47) 3.46 (0.54) 3.52 (0.49)
Conscientiousness 3.40 (0.46) 3.23 (0.53) 3.36 (0.48)

Note. TICSm = Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. Unimpaired are participants who were not impaired at any assessment during the study. Impaired are participants who were impaired at any point during the study. 7741 participants provided 1 personality assessment; 5625 provided 2 assessments; 5192 provided 3 assessments; 4046 provided 4 assessments; and 7 provided 5 assessments.