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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2023 Aug 3;193(3):e32058. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.32058
PTEN NFIX SYNGAP1 Other NDGS idiopathic NDD
Webcam Measure M (SD) M (SD) M (SD) M (SD) M (SD) Pattern
Overall Attention −0.07 (1.03) −0.55 (1.18) −0.78 (1.04) −1.08 (1.29) −0.16 (1.04) Low scores for NFIX, SYNGAP1, other NDGS
Attentional Scanning −0.12 (1.58) −0.85 (0.65) −1.30 (0.80) −1.28 (0.77) −0.05 (1.25) Low scores for NFIX, SYNGAP1, other NDGS
Positive Emotion 0.05 (0.74) 0.35 (1.23) −0.07 (0.71) 0.32 (1.02) −0.06 (0.65) High scores for NFIX and other NDGS
Negative Emotion 0.18 (1.67) −0.09 (0.92) 0.62 (1.67) 0.59 (1.81) 0.10 (0.70) High scores for SYNGAP1 and other NDGS
Social Attention −0.34 (1.00) −1.78 (1.09) −1.70 (1.34) −1.78 (1.25) −0.11 (1.11) Low scores for all but idiopathic NDD
Social Preference −0.34 (0.95) −0.67 (0.85) −1.27 (1.31) −0.79 (1.19) 0.04 (1.54) Low scores for all but idiopathic NDD
Face Preference −0.10 (0.90) −0.32 (0.80) −0.54 (0.78) −0.47 (0.85) 0.13 (1.27) Low scores for NFIX, SYNGAP1, other NDGS
Non-social Preference 0.40 (1.01) 0.55 (0.94) 0.82 (1.44) 0.62 (1.24) 0.11 (1.07) High scores for all but idiopathic NDD
Receptive Vocabulary −0.26 (1.04) −0.94 (0.91) −0.82 (0.91) −1.01 (0.72) −0.13 (1.00) Low scores for all but idiopathic NDD
Speed to Faces −0.09 (1.12) 0.19 (0.74) 0.50 (0.82) 0.38 (0.84) −0.11 (1.10) Slow for NFIX, SYNGAP1, and other NDGS
Speed to Object 0.08 (1.43) 0.53 (0.74) 1.00 (0.83) 1.08 (0.74) 0.09 (1.13) Slow for NFIX, SYNGAP1, and other NDGS
Reading accuracy −0.21 (0.96) −0.70 (0.73) −0.74 (0.91) −0.93 (0.64) −0.35 (1.01) Low scores for all but idiopathic NDD

Note. Scores represent z-scores adjusted for age, the square of age, and sex derived from neurotypical control norms. Sibling controls not shown as they did not significantly deviate from the healthy control mean for any measure.