Table 3.
Result of quality assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for the case–control studies
| Study | Selection | Comparability | Exposure | NOS score | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adequate definition of cases | Representativeness of the cases | Selection of Controls | Definition of Controls | Comparability of cases and controls on the basis of the design or analysis | Ascertainment of exposure | Same method of ascertainment for cases and controls | Non-Response rate | ||
| Mario Bonadio (2004) | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | 6 | ||
| Bashir A. Laway (2021) | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆☆ | ☆ | ☆ | 8 | |
| Georgia Matthiopoulou (2023) | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | 7 | |
| Hale Turan (2008) | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆☆ | ☆ | ☆ | 8 | |
| Syed Muhammad Jawad Zaid (2020) | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | 6 | ||
| Yunxian Zheng (2004) | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | 6 | ||
| Mingwei Chen (2003) | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆☆ | ☆ | ☆ | 8 | |
| Congqing Miao (2013) | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | 7 | |
| Mianrong Yu (2005) | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | 7 | |
| Dongjuan He (2007) | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | 7 | |
| Xiaocen Kong (2016) | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | 6 | ||
| Yiwen Zhao (2012) | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆ | ☆☆ | ☆ | ☆ | 8 | |