Table 3.
Distinct Cases of Plague Meningitis Reported, 1898–2015
| Year of Illness Occurrence | Country | Primary Clinical Form of Plague | Age in Years and (Sex) of Patient | Antimicrobial Treatment Received | Outcome (Recovered/Died) | Reference Number(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1898a | India | Unclear | 35 (M) | n/a | Died | 32 |
| 1899a | India | Unclear | 16 (M) | n/a | Died | 32 |
| 1899a | India | Unclear | 30 (F) | n/a | Died | 32 |
| 1899a | India | Unclear | 13 (F) | n/a | Died | 32 |
| 1899a | India | Unclear | X (F) | n/a | Died | 32 |
| 1899a | Portugal | Bubonic | 25 (M) | n/a | Died | 32,50 |
| 1899a | Portugal | Bubonic | 7 (X) | n/a | Recovered | 32,50 |
| 1899 | United States | Bubonic | X (M) | n/a | Died | 50 |
| 1913 | Burma (now Myanmar) | Unclear | X (M) | n/a | Died | 44 |
| 1914 | Senegal | Septicemic | X (M) | n/a | Died | 40 |
| 1915a | Philippines | Bubonic | 18 (M) | n/a | Died | 32,41 |
| 1915a | Philippines | Bubonic | 19 (F) | n/a | Died | 32,41 |
| 1920a | United States | Bubonic | 25 (F) | n/a | Died | 53 |
| 1922a | China | Pneumonic | 24 (M) | n/a | Died | 30 |
| 1923a | Senegal | Pneumonic | 40 (M) | n/a | Died | 9,21 |
| 1924a | Argentina | Bubonic | X (M) | n/a | Died | 9,23 |
| 1925 | Argentina | Bubonic | X (X) | n/a | Died | 9 |
| 1933 | Uganda | Septicemic | X (M) | n/a | Died | 43 |
| 1934 | United States | Bubonic | 10 (M) | n/a | Died | 32 |
| 1935 | Senegal | Bubonic | 12 (F) | n/a | Died | 39 |
| 1940 | Belgian Congo (now DRC) | Meningitic | 9 (M) | n/a | Died | 42 |
| 1940 | Egypt | Bubonic | 20 (F) | S | Recovered | 34 |
| 1940 | Uganda | Septicemic | 3 (M) | S | Died | 35 |
| 1941 | Argentina | Bubonic | 14 (F) | S | Died | 24,25 |
| 1941 | Argentina | Bubonic | 9 (F) | S | Died | 25 |
| 1941 | Argentina | Bubonic | 8 (M) | S | Died | 25 |
| 1941 | Kenya | Unclear | X (M) | n/a | Died | 9,45 |
| 1942 | Argentina | Bubonic | 25 (M) | S | Died | 24,25 |
| 1942 | Argentina | Bubonic | 18 (M) | S | Recovered | 24,25 |
| 1942 | Argentina | Bubonic | 15 (M) | S | Recovered | 24,25 |
| 1942 | Argentina | Bubonic | 21 (M) | S | Recovered | 25 |
| 1942 | Argentina | Septicemic | 19 (M) | S | Recovered | 24,25 |
| 1942 | Argentina | Unclear | 17 (M) | S | Died | 25 |
| 1942a | Kenya | Unclear | X (M) | S | Died | 9,45 |
| 1942 | Kenya | Unclear | X (M) | n/a | Died | 9,45 |
| 1944a | Argentina | Bubonic | 7(F) | n/a | Died | 24 |
| 1944a | Argentina | Bubonic | 14 (F) | n/a | Died | 24 |
| 1944 | Argentina | Bubonic | 16 (M) | S | Died | 22 |
| 1944 | China | Bubonic | 28 (M) | S | Died | 12 |
| 1944 | China | Bubonic | 39 (F) | S | Died | 12 |
| 1945 | China | Bubonic | 40 (F) | S | Died | 12 |
| 1945 | China | Bubonic | 37 (M) | S | Died | 12 |
| 1945 | China | Bubonic | 16 (M) | S | Died | 12 |
| 1945 | China | Bubonic | 26 (M) | S | Died | 12 |
| 1945 | China | Meningitic | 0.08 (M) | S | Died | 12 |
| 1945 | India | Bubonic | 47 (F) | S | Died | 20 |
| 1945 | India | Bubonic | 7(F) | S | Died | 20 |
| 1946 | Argentina | Septicemic | 14 (M) | A, S | Recovered | 26 |
| 1947 | United States | Pneumonic | 22 (M) | A, T | Recovered | 56 |
| 1949 | China | Bubonic | 17 (M) | A, S | Recovered | 29 |
| 1949 | India | Pneumonic | 18 (M) | S | Died | 31 |
| 1951 | Belgian Congo (now DRC) | Unclear | 7 (X) | A, P, S | Recovered | 37 |
| 1951 | India | Meningitic | 25 (M) | A, S | Recovered | 33 |
| 1962 | Vietnam | Unclear | 0.5 (F) | A, C, P, S | Died | 54 |
| 1963 | Vietnam | Bubonic | 23 (M) | A, P, S, T | Recovered | 27 |
| 1965 | United States | Bubonic | 2.5 (M) | C, P, S | Recovered | 10,47 |
| 1965 | United States | Unclear | 3 (F) | C, P, S | Recovered | 10,47 |
| 1965 | United States | Unclear | 3.5 (M) | C, P, S | Recovered | 10 |
| 1966 | Vietnam | Meningitic | 0.3 (M) | A, C, P | Died | 54 |
| 1967 | United States | Bubonic | 60 (M) | C, P | Recovered | 19 |
| 1967 | South Africa | Bubonic | 11 (M) | C, P, S | Recovered | 36 |
| 1967 | Brazil | Bubonic | 8 (M) | A, S | Recovered | 38 |
| 1967 | Nepal | Bubonic | 13 (F) | A, C, P, T | Recovered | 55 |
| 1968 | Vietnam | Unclear | 0.1 (M) | A, C, P, S, T | Recovered | 54 |
| 1969 | United States | Bubonic | 3 (M) | A, C, P, T | Recovered | 48 |
| 1971 | United States | Bubonic | 39 (M) | A, P, T | Recovered | 46 |
| 1972 | South Africa | Bubonic | 58 (M) | A, C, S, T | Recovered | 17 |
| 1972 | Vietnam | Bubonic | X (F) | A, P | Died | 28 |
| 1972 | Vietnam | Bubonic | X (M) | A, P, T | Recovered | 28 |
| 1974 | United States | Unclear | 13 (F) | P | Died | 8 |
| 1974 | Vietnam | Bubonic | 38 (F) | Either A or S | Recovered | 14 |
| 1974 | Vietnam | Bubonic | 11 (M) | Either A or S | Died | 14 |
| 1975 | United States | Bubonic | 11 (M) | A, C, T, P | Recovered | 8 |
| 1975 | United States | Septicemic | 15 (M) | T, P | Recovered | 8 |
| 1975 | Vietnam | Bubonic | 18 (F) | S | Recovered | 14 |
| 1978 | United States | Bubonic | 10 (F) | C, Ce, P, T | Recovered | 8 |
| 1978 | United States | Septicemic | 35 (F) | C, T | Recovered | 8 |
| 1979 | United States | Unclear | 13 (F) | C, Ce, M, P | Recovered | 8 |
| 1984 | United States | Bubonic | 35 (M) | C, Ce | Recovered | 51 |
| 1988 | United States | Bubonic | 12 (M) | A, C, T | Recovered | 49 |
| 1995a | Vietnam | Bubonic | 63 (M) | A, C | Recovered | 16 |
| 1996 | United States | Bubonic | 16 (F) | Ce | Died | 52 |
| 2009 | China | Pneumonic | 64 (M) | A, Ce, F | Died | 18 |
| 2015 | United States | Meningitic | 14 (M) | A, Ce, F, G, S, | Recovered | 11 |
a
Year of illness occurrence not provided. Year of article publication was used for these cases.
Abbreviations: A, aminoglycosides; C, chloramphenicol; Ce, cephalosporins; DRC, Democratic Republic of the Congo; (F), female; F, fluoroquinolones; G, glycopeptide antibiotics; (M), male; M, macrolide antibiotics; P, penicillins; S, sulfonamides; T, tetracyclines; (X) or X, unknown or not reported.