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. 2023 Sep 29;21:353. doi: 10.1186/s12951-023-02104-w

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Scheme 1 — CaCO₃ nanoparticles loaded with Cur/QTX125 and coated with HA can effectively inhibit the growth of CRC cells. a Chemical structures of Cur, QTX125 and HA; b The preparation of CaCO₃@Cur@QTX125@HA nanoparticles. NH₄HCO₃ was first decomposed into NH₃ and CO₂, which diffused into the CaCl₂ solution containing Cur and QTX125. Then, CO₂ reacted with Ca²⁺ to form Cur and QTX125 loaded CaCO₃@Cur@QTX125 nanoparticles, which were subsequently coated with HA to generate CaCO₃@Cur@QTX125@HA nanoparticles; c CaCO₃@Cur@QTX125@HA nanoparticles can be taken up by CRC cells, Cur and QTX125 can be released to induce cell apoptosis