Table 3.
Clinical characteristics of NPDR and PDR in participants
| Variables | NDR | NPDR | PDR | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 644 | 653 | 59 | < 0.001* |
| Gender(male), % | 347 (53.9%) | 312 (47.8%) | 31 (52.5%) | 0.086 |
| Age, y | 58.9 ± 12.3 | 62.7 ± 10.6 | 60.58 ± 12.1 | < 0.001* |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.2 ± 4.0 | 25.3 ± 3.3 | 24.5 ± 3.9 | < 0.001* |
| WHR | 0.95 ± 0.07 | 0.96 ± 0.07 | 0.95 ± 0.07 | 0.051 |
| DM duration, y | 8.7 ± 6.6 | 12.4 ± 7.8 | 12.7 ± 8.2 | < 0.001* |
| HbA1c, % | 7.9 (6.8,9.5) | 8.3 (7.0,9.7) | 8.4 (7.2,9.6) | 0.035* |
| SBP, mmHg | 136 ± 17 | 140 ± 19 | 145 ± 24 | < 0.001* |
| DBP, mmHg | 79 ± 11 | 78 ± 11 | 78 ± 11 | 0.046* |
| Cortisol | 269 (227,332) | 305 (244,369) | 327 (277,395) | < 0.001* |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 132.3 ± 65.4 | 112.2 ± 51.5 | 118.9 ± 59.0 | < 0.001* |
| Lipid Profile, mmol/L | ||||
| LDL-c | 2.77 ± 0.86 | 2.69 ± 1.03 | 2.51 ± 1.23 | 0.083 |
| FFA | 0.39 ± 0.18 | 0.40 ± 0.21 | 0.37 ± 0.16 | 0.430 |
| TC | 4.52 ± 1.04 | 4.52 ± 1.31 | 4.22 ± 1.46 | 0.216 |
| TG | 1.41(1.00,2.12) | 1.34(0.95,2.00) | 1.17(0.88,1.60) | 0.005* |
| sUA, umol/L | 322 (264,390) | 320 (263,385) | 300 (253,360) | 0.105 |
| Smoking History | 181 (28.1%) | 162 (24.8%) | 15 (25.4%) | 0.652 |
| Drinking History | 172 (26.7%) | 160 (24.5%) | 14 (23.7%) | 0.397 |
Kruskal–Wallis H test or Chi-square test
Normally distributed variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, non-normal variables are expressed as median (IQR) and categorical variables are expressed as percentage (%)
BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, DM diabetes mellitus, WHR waist hip ratio, FFA free fatty acid, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, eGFR epidermal growth factor receptor, LDL-C Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, sUA serum uric acid, IQR inter-quartile range