Table 3.
Cohort-Level (n=100,000) Discounted Primary Analysis Results by Country and Policy
| Outcome | Policy 1 - Early Follow-Up Review | Policy 2 - IDM Programme | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UC | Policy | Incr. | UC | Policy | Incr. | |
| England | ||||||
| Life years | 900,160 | 900,683 | 523 | 899,922 | 902,221 | 2299 |
| Hospitalisationsa (inc. re-admission) | 121,553 | 119,659 | −1894 | 123,229 | 114,713 | −8516 |
| In-hospital deaths | 6122 | 6026 | −96 | 6161 | 5736 | −425 |
| Total costs | £820,814,581 | £817,919,659 | £2,894,922 | £851,787,232 | £889,937,616 | £38,150,385 |
| Inhaled medication | £359,151,999 | £359,373,978 | £221,979 | £359,049,074 | £360,022,610 | £973,536 |
| Background disease management | £195,560,145 | £195,686,358 | £126,213 | £195,500,884 | £196,053,080 | £552,196 |
| Hospitalisationsa (inc. re-admission) | £263,355,648 | £259,223,062 | –£4,132,585 | £267,005,286 | £248,439,385 | –£18,565,900 |
| Early follow-up review | £2,746,789 | £3,636,261 | £889,473 | £2,650,276 | £2,465,993 | –£184,284 |
| IDM administration | – | – | – | £27,581,711 | £82,956,548 | £55,374,837 |
| Cost-per-life year | – | – | –£5535 | – | – | £16,594 |
| Germany | ||||||
| Life years | 1,010,966 | 1,011,725 | 759 | 1,010,421 | 1,014,040 | 3619 |
| Hospitalisationsa (inc. re-admission) | 234,949 | 231,595 | −3354 | 237,277 | 221,124 | −16,153 |
| In-hospital deaths | 8921 | 8794 | −127 | 9007 | 8394 | −613 |
| Total costs | €1,476,508,442 | €1,469,931,271 | –€6,577,173 | €1,516,318,643 | €1,551,901,539 | €35,582,897 |
| Inhaled medication | €763,628,591 | €764,204,858 | €576,267 | €763,214,411 | €765,960,068 | €2,745,657 |
| Background disease management | €163,618,938 | €163,753,880 | €134,942 | €163,520,512 | €164,160,570 | €640,058 |
| Hospitalisationsa (inc. re-admission) | €547,461,279 | €539,590,096 | –€7,871,184 | €552,924,665 | €515,019,259 | –€37,905,405 |
| Early follow-up review | €1,799,634 | €2,382,437 | €582,802 | €1,735,887 | €1,616,884 | –€119,003 |
| IDM administration | – | – | – | €34,923,168 | €105,144,758 | €70,221,590 |
| Cost-per-life year | – | – | –€8666 | – | – | €9832 |
| Canada | ||||||
| Life years | 976,099 | 977,415 | 1316 | 974,796 | 979,095 | 4299 |
| Hospitalisationsa (inc. re-admission) | 212,226 | 206,698 | −5528 | 217,649 | 199,359 | −18,290 |
| In-hospital deaths | 8062 | 7852 | −210 | 8268 | 7573 | −695 |
| Total costs | $3,031,256,494 | $2,991,173,028 | –$40,083,468 | $3,097,777,419 | $3,077,260,900 | –$20,516,518 |
| Inhaled medication | $959,806,727 | $961,137,566 | $1,330,838 | $958,487,488 | $962,826,614 | $4,339,126 |
| Background disease management | $347,277,418 | $347,795,816 | $518,397 | $346,762,048 | $348,444,541 | $1,682,494 |
| Hospitalisationsa (inc. re–admission) | $1,719,269,179 | $1,674,345,109 | –$44,924,070 | $1,763,347,303 | $1,614,720,233 | –$148,627,070 |
| Early follow-up review | $4,903,170 | $7,894,537 | $2,991,367 | $4,810,679 | $4,405,202 | –$405,477 |
| IDM administration | – | – | – | $24,369,901 | $146,864,310 | $122,494,409 |
| Cost-per-life year | – | – | –$30,459 | – | – | –$4772 |
| Japan | ||||||
| Life years | 822,984 | 823,496 | 512 | 799,689 | 803,345 | 3656 |
| Hospitalisationsa (inc. re-admission) | 159,457 | 157,546 | −1911 | 172,665 | 158,253 | −14,412 |
| In-hospital deaths | 8132 | 8035 | −97 | 8806 | 8071 | −735 |
| Total costs | ¥224,109,440,596 | ¥223,373,862,776 | –¥735,577,820 | ¥238,398,978,647 | ¥239,490,512,644 | ¥1,091,533,997 |
| Inhaled medication | ¥60,259,150,280 | ¥60,297,217,978 | ¥38,067,698 | ¥59,096,395,015 | ¥59,371,416,079 | ¥275,021,064 |
| Background disease management | ¥62,593,811,158 | ¥62,639,624,248 | ¥45,813,090 | ¥67,307,362,854 | ¥67,675,545,015 | ¥368,182,161 |
| Hospitalisationsa (inc. re-admission) | ¥100,069,590,911 | ¥98,865,970,763 | –¥1,203,620,148 | ¥108,434,797,319 | ¥99,348,989,604 | –¥9,085,807,715 |
| Early follow-up review | ¥1,186,888,247 | ¥1,571,049,786 | ¥384,161,539 | ¥1,636,720,201 | ¥1,499,578,570 | –¥137,141,632 |
| IDM administration | – | – | – | ¥1,923,703,258 | ¥11,594,983,377 | ¥9,671,280,119 |
| Cost-per-life year | – | – | –¥1,436,675 | – | – | ¥298,560 |
Notes: negative incremental values represent a reduction from UC. All reported costs are lifetime estimates. aHospitalisations due to severe exacerbation.
Abbreviations: IDM, integrated disease management; UC, Usual care; Incr, incremental = (Policy - UC); £, British Pound; €, Euro; $, Canadian dollar; ¥, Japanese Yen; –, Not applicable.