Table 3.
Average 87% confidence interval (±1.5 standard deviations) and skewness (within parentheses) for the Bone 800 insert at 10 mGy with different levels of iterative (ASiR-V / Safire) or deep-learning based (TF) noise reduction, measured in input data , EAN, RED and SPR maps generated with N&A, L-S, and DirectSPR methods for mapping SPR. No data is given for EAN and RED with DirectSPR, as the intermediary EAN and RED maps are not reconstructed. No data is given for EAN with L-S, as the EAN step is bypassed in our implementation of the method. Abbreviations: TF = True Fidelity; EAN = effective atomic number; RED = relative electron density; SPR = stopping power ratio; = linear attenuation relative to water; N&A = Näsmark & Andersson (2021); L-S = Landry-Saito.
| Kernel and noise reduction | EAN | RED | SPR | Ranges | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scanner 1 | Standard ASiR-V 0 (N&A) | ±1,5% (-0,03) | ±1,5% (-0,03) | ±5,2% (0,73) | ±2,1% (-0,12) | ±2,6% (-0,24) | ±0,4% (0,35) |
| Standard ASiR-V 40 (N&A) | ±1,2% (-0,02) | ±1,2% (-0,02) | ±5,5% (0,60) | ±2,0% (-0,36) | ±2,6% (-0,43) | ±0,3% (0,37) | |
| Standard ASiR-V 80 (N&A) | ±0,9% (-0,01) | ±0,9% (-0,01) | ±4,9% (1,51) | ±1,8% (-0,74) | ±2,3% (-0,95) | ±0,3% (0,19) | |
| Standard TF low (N&A) | ±1,1% (0,02) | ±1,1% (0,02) | ±5,6% (<0.01) | ±2,0% (-0,29) | ±2,6% (-0,27) | ±0,4% (0,51) | |
| Standard TF medium (N&A) | ±0,9% (0,04) | ±0,9% (0,04) | ±5,3% (0,75) | ±1,9% (-0,49) | ±2,4% (-0,58) | ±0,4% (0,33) | |
| Standard TF high (N&A) | ±0,8% (0,08) | ±0,8% (0,08) | ±5,1% (1,21) | ±1,7% (-0,72) | ±2,3% (-0,86) | ±0,4% (0,47) | |
| Scanner 2 | QR40 Safire 0 (N&A) | ±2,3% ((<0.01) | ±2,4% (<0.01) | ±7,1% (-0,54) | ±3,1% (0,02) | ±3,7% (0,08) | ±0,7% (0,55) |
| QR40 Safire 3 (N&A) | ±1,6% ((<0.01) | ±1,7% (<0.01) | ±6,1% (-0,46) | ±2,3% (0,04) | ±2,8% (0,13) | ±0,7% (0,25) | |
| QR40 Safire 5 (N&A) | ±1,2% (-0,01) | ±1,2% (-0,01) | ±5,6% (-0,71) | ±1,8% (0,08) | ±2,3% (0,26) | ±0,6% (0,48) | |
| QR40 Safire 0 (L-S) | ±3,1% (-0,02) | ±3,3% (<0.01) | – | ±8,8% (0,01) | ±8,9% (0,01) | ±0,9% (0,38) | |
| QR40 Safire 3 (L-S) | ±2,3% (-0,03) | ±2,2% (-0,01) | – | ±6,2% (0,01) | ±6,2% (0,01) | ±0,8% (0,35) | |
| QR40 Safire 5 (L-S) | ±1,8% (-0,08) | ±1,6% (-0,02) | – | ±4,5% (0,01) | ±4,5% (0,01) | ±0,8% (0,38) | |
| QR40 Safire 0 (DirectSPR) | ±3,1% (-0,02) | ±3,3% (<0.01) | – | – | ±3,0% (-0,01) | ±0,8% (0,39) | |
| QR40 Safire 3 (DirectSPR) | ±2,3% (-0,03) | ±2,2% (-0,01) | – | – | ±2,3% (-0,01) | ±0,8% (0,16) | |
| QR40 Safire 5 (DirectSPR) | ±1,8% (-0,08) | ±1,6% (-0,02) | – | – | ±1,8% (-0,06) | ±0,6% (0,25) |