Table 3.

Study quality assessment for individual studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies

Study	Selection			Comparability			Outcome				Overall quality
	Representativeness of the exposed cohort	Selection of the non-exposed cohort Ascertainment of exposure	Assessment of outcome	Demonstration that outcome of interest was not present at start of study	Comparability of cohorts based on the design or analysis controlled for confounders	Assessment of outcome			Whether follow-up was long enough for outcomes to occur	Adequacy of follow-up of cohorts
Hiraoka et al.2023 [13]	*	*	*	*	**		*			*	Good
Kim et al. 2022 [14]	*	*	*	*	**		*				Poor
Maesaka et al.2022 [15]	*		*	*	**		*	*		*	Good
Niizeki et al.2022 [16]	*	*	*	*	**		*			*	Good
Persano et al.2022 [17]	*	*	*	*	**		*	*		*	Good
Rimini et al. 2022 [18]	*	*	*	*	**		*	*		*	Good
Su et al. 2022 [19]	*	*	*	*	*		*				Poor
Casadei-Gardini et al. 2023 [12]	*	*	*	*	**		*	*		*	Good