Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics of the Study Participants in Study 1 (N = 25)
| Age, y | 72 (54-75) |
| Male | 17 (68) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.67 ± 4.16 |
| Surgery (combined) | |
| AVR/AS, AR | 16 |
| MVR/MS, MR | 8 |
| CABG/AP, OMI | 6 |
| Other/TAA, AAA | 8 |
| Hypertension | 15 (60.0) |
| Dyslipidemia | 12 (48.0) |
| T2DM | 0 |
| NYHA functional class | |
| I | 10 (40.0) |
| II | 9 (36.0) |
| III | 5 (20.0) |
| IV | 1 (4.0) |
| Laboratory data | |
| TG, mg/dL | 111.04 ± 55.76 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 54.77 ± 14.32 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 113.55 ± 27.24 |
| FBS, mg/dL | 99.25 ± 19.89 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.64 ± 0.38 |
| Ccr, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 75.65 ± 48.82 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 432 (148-1,488) |
| Medications | |
| ACE inhibitor/ARB | 12 (48.0) |
| Beta-blocker | 8 (32.0) |
| CCB | 10 (40.0) |
| ARN inhibitor | 0 |
| Statin | 9 (36.0) |
| Diuretic | 3 (12.0) |
| SGLT2 inhibitor | 0 |
| DPP4 inhibitor | 0 |
| Insulin | 0 |
| Other antidiabetics | 0 |
| Steroid | 0 |
Values are median (IQR), n (%), or mean ± SD.
AAA = abdominal aortic aneurysm; ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; AP = angina pectoris; AR = aortic regurgitation; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; ARN = angiotensin receptor neprilysin; AS = aortic stenosis; AVR = aortic valve replacement; BMI = body mass index; CABG = coronary artery bypass grafting; CCB = calcium-channel blocker; Ccr = creatinine clearance; DPP4 = dipeptidyl peptidase 4; FBS = fasting blood sugar; HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MR = mitral regurgitation; MS = mitral stenosis; MVR = mitral valve replacement; NT-proBNP = N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide; OMI = old myocardial infarction; SGLT2 = sodium-glucose cotransporter 2; T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus; TAA = thoracic aortic aneurysm; TG = triglyceride.