. 2023 Sep 28;19:2039–2054. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S424017

Table 1.

Neurocognitive Recovery in Abstinent AUD Patients: Factors and Evidence

Domain	Factors
Drinking related	Smoking	A	9^b	11^b	20^b	21^b	26^c	28^a
	Smoking	NA	22^b	30^b
	Quantities used	A	29^b	15^c
	Quantities used	NA	9^b	21^b	30^b	6^b	2^a	10^c	3^b	20^b	13^c	28^a	31^a
	Polysubstance	A	26^c
	Polysubstance	NA	4^b	21^b	13^c
	Detoxifications	A	17^b
	Detoxifications	NA	6^b	31^a
	Positive family history	A	2^a	4^b	5^b
	Positive family history	NA	8^b	31^a
Demographic	Age	A	2^a	15^c	21^b	20^b
	Age	NA	4^b	9^b	22^b	31^a	8^b	30^b
	Gender	A	–
	Gender	NA	2^a	7 ^c	31^a
	Education	A	4^b
	Education	NA	2^a	15^c	9^b	21^b	28^a
Psychiatric	Depression	A	2^a	20^b
	Depression	NA	3^b	21^b	28^a	8^b	31^a
	ASPD*	A	2^a	4^b
	ASPD*	NA	–
Premorbid cognitive functioning	Verbal reading	A	20^b
	Verbal reading	NA	9^b	21^b	22^b	3^b
	Neurocognitive task	A	2^a
	Neurocognitive task	NA	–
Medical	Blood values	A	7^c	1^c	2^a
	Blood values	NA	–
	Medical conditions	A	4^b
	Medical conditions	NA	21^b	28^a
	Brain volumes	A	12^b	23^b	11^b	22^b	10^c
	Brain volumes	NA	10^c
	Perfusion	A	–
	Perfusion	NA	14^b

Notes: Numbers refers to the study that did, or did not, found an association or effect (<.05) of the specific factor on neurocognitive recovery: 1⁴⁹, 2³⁹, 3¹⁵, 4⁴³ 5⁴⁵, 6³⁷, 7⁴⁷, 8⁴⁶, 9³⁴, 10³⁸, 11³², 12⁵², 13⁴⁰, 14⁵³, 15¹⁷, 16⁹⁴, 17⁴⁴, 18⁹⁶, (no factors), 19⁴⁸, 20²⁸, 21³¹, 22³⁵, 23⁵¹, 24⁹⁵, (no factors), 25¹², 26³³, 27⁹⁷, 28²⁹, 29⁴², 30³⁶, 31⁴¹. Indication of level of evidence according to Oxford Classification for Evidence Based Medicine (OCEBM), varying from 1 (very strong) to 5 (very weak): ^aLevel 2, ^bLevel 3, ^cLevel 4. *Antisocial Personality Disorder.

Abbreviations: A, associated; NA, not associated.