Table 2.
Assessment of study quality
| Authors, date | Representativeness of the sample | Sample size | Non-respondents/Loss to follow up | Ascertainment of the exposure | Confounders | Assessment of the outcome | Statistical analyses | Follow up | Total score | Quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balhara (2020) et al. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 | medium |
| Chang (2020) et al. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | low |
| Chen (2022) et al. | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | high |
| Claesdoter-Knutsson et al. (2022) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 6 | medium |
| Cudo (2022) et al. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 | medium |
| Elhai (2021) et al. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | low |
| Fazeli (2020) et al. | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 6 | medium |
| Fernandes (2020) et al. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 | low |
| Formosa (2022) et al. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | low |
| Giardina (2021) et al. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 | medium |
| Hall (2021) et al. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | low |
| Ismail (2021) et al. | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 7 | high |
| Jouhki (2022) et al. | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 8 | high |
| Kim, Keum Nam (2022& ) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | low |
| Patanaseri (2022) et al. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 | medium |
| Rogier (2021) et al. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | low |
| Sallie (2021) et al. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 | medium |
| Savolainen (2022) et al. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | low |
| Shrestha (2020) et al. | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 | medium |
| Teng (2021) et al. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 9 | high |
| Ting (2021& ) Essau | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | low |
| Volpe (2022) et al. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | low |
| Wu et al. (2022) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 | medium |
| Yang (2021) et al. | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 6 | medium |
| Zaman (2022) et al. | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 6 | medium |