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Functional heterogeneity of CAF. CAF is broadly classified as pro-tumor CAF and tumor-suppressing CAF, both of which affect tumor progression through multifaceted mechanisms. However, there are still other potential functions that have not been discovered, and it is not yet possible to determine whether this function is beneficial or harmful to tumor progression. ECM, extracellular matrix; SHH, Sonic Hedgehog. By Figdraw
