Table 3.

Mean differences in Near Point of Convergence, Positive Fusional Vergence, and CI Symptom Survey (CISS) score at study entry for participants with and without accommodative dysfunction in both the CITT and CITT-ART studies.

		Convergence Measures and CISS Scores by Accommodative Function Status
		Decreased Accommodative Function**		Age-normal Accommodative Function
Measure	Accommodative Measure	N	Mean (SD)	N	Mean (SD)	Difference Between Means (95% CI)	P Value*	Cohen’s d
Near point of convergence (cm)	Amplitude	286	17 (8.2)	234	10.9 (5.8)	6.1 (4.9, 7.4)	<.001	0.85
	Facility	205	15.2 (8.3)	315	13.7 (7.4)	1.5 (0.2, 2.9)	0.03	0.2
Positive fusional vergence (Δ)	Amplitude	286	10.5 (4)	234	12.1 (4)	−1.6 (−2.3, −0.9)	<.001	0.4
	Facility	205	10.7 (4)	315	11.6 (4)	−0.9 (−1.6, −0.2)	0.02	0.21
CISS Score	Amplitude	286	30.9 (8.9)	234	27.9 (8.2)	3 (1.5, 4.4)	<.001	0.34
	Facility	205	30.9 (8.8)	315	28.7 (8.5)	2.2 (0.7, 3.7)	0.006	0.25

^*The p values are for independent samples t tests of mean differences.

^**Decreased accommodative amplitude was more than 2D below the minimum expected amplitude for age (15 - ¼ age); Decreased accommodative facility was less than 6 cycles per minute