Plots depict marginal effects, showing change in cognition (standardized
score) over time, stratified by sex and genotype (APOE
ε4 plot not shown). In sex-stratified analyses, men carrying
APOE ε2 were more protected against decline than men
carrying APOE ε3/ε3. In women, APOE
ε2 was no more protective than APOE
ε3/ε3. In genotype-stratified analyses, men
carrying APOE ε2 were more protected against decline
than women carrying APOE ε2. By contrast, rates of
decline did not differ between men and women APOE
ε3/ε3 carriers. The models are adjusted for baseline
age, years of education, and vascular risk, and their interactions with time.
Shaded regions represent 95% confidence intervals.