Plots depict marginal effects showing change in cognition (standardized
score) over time, stratified by sex and genotype (APOE
ε4 plot not shown). Sex-stratified analyses were not
significant. In genotype-stratified analyses, men carrying APOE
ε2 were more protected against decline than women carrying
APOE ε2, whereas the rates of decline did not differ
between men and women carrying APOE ε3/ε3. The
models are adjusted for baseline age, years of education, and vascular risk, and
their interactions with time. Shaded regions represent 95% confidence
intervals.