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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Oct 2.
Published in final edited form as: J Econ Perspect. 2021 Winter;35(1):163–184. doi: 10.1257/jep.35.1.163

Figure 4—

Figure 4—

Figure 4—

Share Degrees Awarded to Foreign Student by Field in 2002–17

Note: The size of each bubble is proportional to the number of foreign graduates in 2002 (green bubbles) and 2017 (orange bubbles). The location of each bubble (across axes) corresponds to share foreign born in 2002 (x-axis) and 2017 (y-axis). Sample is restricted to fields awarding more than 100 degrees to temporary residents in 2017. Source: IPEDS Degrees 2002–03 and 2017–18.