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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Oct 2.
Published in final edited form as: J Econ Perspect. 2021 Winter;35(1):163–184. doi: 10.1257/jep.35.1.163

Figure 9—

Figure 9—

Share of Universities among the Top 500 rank

Note: The graph shows the share of universities among the 500 top ranked research universities according to the Shanghai’s Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU). Left y-axis is for China, South Korea, and India Universities. Right y-axis is for American Universities. Source: Shanghai Ranking, 2003–18.