Table 3 –
Cardiovascular disease in the overall population and stratified by country income status
| Overall | High-income countries | Non-high-income countries | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N=751 | N=398 | N=353 | |
| Cardiovascular death* | 28 (3∙7%) | 10 (2∙5%) | 18 (5∙1%) |
| Unknown or non-cardiovascular death | 9 (1∙2%) | 6 (1∙5%) | 3 (0∙8%) |
| Age at cardiovascular death | 28∙0 [17∙0–45∙5] 31∙5 (25∙5–37∙6) Range 5–58 |
49∙5 [32∙0–50∙8] 37∙0 (26∙1–46∙6) |
24∙0 [17∙0–40∙3] 28∙4 (21∙2–36∙2) |
| Myocardial infarction | 90 (11∙9%) | 48 (11∙9%) | 42 (11∙9%) |
| Age at first MI | 37∙5 [30∙0–50∙0] 38∙8 (35∙6–42∙0) Range 10–68 |
39∙0 [32∙0–50∙0] 39∙9 (36∙2–43∙6) |
32∙5 [28∙5–42∙5] 35∙4 (29∙2–41∙9) |
| Angina pectoris | 95 (12∙5%) | 63 (15∙6%) | 32 (9∙0%) |
| Age at AP onset | 30∙0 [20∙0–39∙0] 30∙4 (27∙3–33∙7) Range 4–75 |
32∙0 [20∙8–42∙3] 33∙2 (29∙0–37∙5) |
24∙0 [20∙0–32∙0] 25∙3 (21∙6–29∙1) |
| CABG | 120 (15∙8%) | 60 (14∙9%) | 60 (16∙9%) |
| Age at first CABG | 30∙0 [22∙5–40∙0] 31∙5 (28∙9–34∙2) Range 5–69 |
32∙0 [28∙0–46∙0] 36∙7 (32∙9–40∙6) |
24∙0 [17∙3–32∙8] 26∙0 (23∙0–29∙0) |
| PCI | 91 (12∙1%) | 54 (13∙4%) | 37 (10∙2%) |
| Age at first PCI | 39∙5 [28∙0–48∙5] 38∙5 (35∙5–41∙5) Range 10–75 |
42∙5 [36∙3–52∙8] 42∙9 (39∙4–46∙6) |
30∙0 [21∙0–40∙0] 31∙2 (26∙8–35∙5) |
| Aortic valve replacement | 52 (6∙9%) | 36 (8∙9%) | 16 (4∙5%) |
| Age at first AVR | 31∙0 [24∙8–41∙0] 33∙0 (28∙6–37∙4) Range 5–69 |
31∙5 [27∙0–43∙8] 36∙1 (30∙3–42∙1) |
30∙0 [22∙0–35∙3] 27∙9 (21∙9–33∙5) |
| Peripheral artery disease | 42 (6∙2%) | 8 (2∙4%) | 34 (9∙8%) |
| Age at PAD diagnosis | 34∙5 [20∙5–47∙3] 35∙5 (27∙5–44∙0) Range 7–74 |
51∙0 [34∙5–64∙0] 49∙9 (35∙1–63∙7) |
21∙0 [17∙0–38∙0] 27∙8 (19∙8–36∙4) |
| Cerebrovascular disease** | 22 (2∙9%) | 18 (4∙5%) | 4 (1∙1%) |
| Age at first cerebrovascular disease event | 37∙0 [28∙0–48∙0] 40∙9 (33∙9–48∙7) Range 23–71 |
38∙0 [29∙0–53∙0] 42∙5 (34∙6–50∙8) |
28∙5 [27∙3–29∙8] 26, 31, NA, NA |
| Composite outcomes | |||
| MACE§ | 216 (28∙8%) | 110 (27∙2%) | 106 (29∙9%) |
| Age of first MACE | 31∙0 [22∙0–42∙0] 33∙0 (30∙9–35∙0) Range 5–75 |
37∙0 [29∙0–49∙0] 38∙1 (35∙4–40∙9) |
24∙5 [17∙0–34∙5] 26∙8 (24∙3–29∙3) |
| MACE+§§ | 267 (35∙6%) | 137 (34∙4%) | 130 (36∙7%) |
| Age of first MACE+ | 30∙0 [21∙0–41∙0] 32∙0 (30∙0–33∙9) Range 4–75 |
35∙5 [25∙0–48∙3] 36∙5 (33∙8–39∙2) |
24∙0 [17∙0–32∙0] 26∙2 (23∙9–28∙6) |
Data are shown as n (%) for the prevalence of cardiovascular events, and as median [IQR] and range (minimum, maximum) for ages at cardiovascular events. In addition, ages at cardiovascular events are shown in italic as bootstrapped mean (95%CI). MI, myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; AP, angina pectoris; AVR, aortic valve replacement; NA, not available; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular event
Cardiovascular death was physician reported death from cardiovascular causes. “Sudden death” and periprocedural death due to cardiac surgery necessitated by consequences of hypercholesterolaemia was additionally considered cardiovascular death.
Cerebrovascular disease was defined as ischemic stroke, carotid artery stenting or carotid endarterectomy.
MACE is a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal MI, PCI and CABG.
MACE+ is a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal MI, PCI and CABG, AP, non-fatal ischemic stroke, carotid stenting, carotid endarterectomy and peripheral artery disease.