Table 4.

Estimates of class membership with baseline characteristics (relative to low multimorbidity class), n = 1387 ALIVE participants from 2015 to 2019.

Class	Low multimorbidity with psychiatric comorbidity		Multimorbidity		Multimorbidity including psychiatric comorbidity
Covariate	OR (95% CI)	aORa (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	aORa (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	aORa (95% CI)
Predisposing characteristics
Age > 55 years	0.5 (0.3–0.7)	0.3 (0.2–0.5)	2.3 (1.3–4.1)	1.1 (0.6–2.1)	0.9 (0.6–1.4)	0.8 (0.5–1.3)
Female	6.2 (3.8–10.7)	2.6 (1.9–3.5)	2.1 (1.1–4.1)	2.7 (1.5–4.7)	2.5 (1.6–3.7)	4.2 (2.7–6.6)
Black race	0.7 (0.5–1.0)	0.8 (0.5–1.1)	20.5 (0.5–851.5)	4.0 (0.9–16.5)	1.9 (0.9–3.5)	1.5 (0.7–3.1)
Baseline enabling variables
Income <$5000/year	0.9 (0.7–1.3)	0.8 (0.6–1.2)	0.4 (0.2–0.6)	0.4 (0.3–0.8)	0.9 (0.5–1.4)	0.9 (0.5–1.5)
Disability	1.6 (1.2–2.1)	1.9 (1.4–2.6)	1.8 (1.1–2.9)	1.4 (0.8–2.6)	2.4 (1.5–3.8)	2.2 (1.4–3.6)
Insurance	4.5 (1.2–17.0)	3.8 (1.1–13.3)	0.7 (0.2–2.5)	0.5 (0.1–2.1)	3.5 (0.4–27.1)	3.2 (0.5–23.0)
Continuity of care	1.3 (0.9–1.7)	1.3 (0.9–1.7)	1.9 (1.1–3.1)	1.0 (0.5–1.8)	1.6 (1.0–2.6)	1.1 (0.6–1.7)
Baseline health behaviors: substance use in the last 6 months
Injection only	0.7 (0.4–1.4)	1.6 (0.8–3.1)	0.7 (0.2–2.2)	0.7 (0.2–2.5)	0.2 (0.02–1.2)	0.2 (0.03–2.0)
Non-injection only	1.7 (1.2–2.4)	2.5 (1.6–3.9)	0.5 (0.2–1.3)	0.4 (0.2–1.2)	1.4 (0.8–2.5)	1.5 (0.8–3.0)
Injection and non-injection	1.6 (1.2–2.1)	2.3 (1.6–3.3)	0.2 (0.1–0.5)	0.4 (0.2–0.9)	0.9 (0.6–1.4)	1.6 (0.9–2.9)
Alcohol use	1.1 (0.8–1.4)	0.9 (0.6–1.2)	0.6 (0.3–0.9)	0.9 (0.5–1.7)	0.5 (0.4–0.8)	0.5 (0.3–0.8)
Cigarette use	1.4 (0.9–2.1)	1.1 (0.7–1.7)	0.3 (0.2–0.5)	0.5 (0.2–0.9)	1.0 (0.5–1.7)	1.0 (0.5–1.9)

Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05).

^aControlling for number of visits and number of days between first and last visit.