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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: IEEE Trans Med Robot Bionics. 2022 Aug 4;4(4):901–909. doi: 10.1109/tmrb.2022.3196321

TABLE I:

Mean Registration Error in Simulation Study

Translation Error (mm) Rotation Error (degrees)

Single-View Rigid Spine 4.8 ± 2.4 2.8 ± 1.7
Vertb-by-Vertb 3.5 ± 2.9 1.1 ± 1.9
Inj Device 2.2 ± 1.6 1.6 ± 1.4
Joint Inj Device 1.7 ± 1.2 0.9 ± 0.9

Multi-View Rigid Spine 3.7 ± 1.6 2.9 ± 1.2
Vertb-by-Vertb 3.7 ± 1.6 0.9 ± 0.7
Inj Device 3.7 ± 1.6 1.2 ± 1.3

Note: Vertb is short for vertebrae. Inj is short for injection.