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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: IEEE Trans Radiat Plasma Med Sci. 2022 Jul 27;7(3):284–295. doi: 10.1109/trpms.2022.3194408

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

The framework of the Federated Transfer Learning (FTL). During the first stage, with iterative communication between central server and local models in individual institutions, a global model collaboratively trained by all the institution data is obtained in a data-preserving manner. During the second stage, the global model is downloaded by individual institution and further fine-tuned by the dataset hold by each institution.