Table 1.
Participant characteristics by cognitive status.
| Total (n = 233) | Frailty (n = 178) | Cognitive frailty (n = 55) | p | Cognitive frailty OR (95% CI) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) | ||||||
| Men | 77 (33.0) | 64 (36.0) | 13 (23.6) | 0.090 | Ref | 0.092 |
| Women | 156 (67.0) | 114 (64.0) | 42 (76.4) | 1.814 (0.907–3.628) | ||
| Age (years) | 74.82 ± 6.38 | 74.11 ± 6.08 | 77.13 ± 6.81 | 0.002 | 1.077 (1.025–1.131) | 0.003 |
| Marital status, n (%) | ||||||
| Single | 8 (3.4) | 8 (4.5) | 0 (0) | 0.101 | Ref | |
| Married | 112 (48.1) | 90 (50.6) | 22 (40.0) | 0.458 (0.048–4.420) | 0.5 | |
| Widowed | 79 (33.9) | 54 (45.5) | 25 (33.9) | 1.426 (0.523–3.887) | 0.488 | |
| Divorced | 34 (14.6) | 26 (14.5) | 8 (14.6) | 1.467 (0.524–4.105) | 0.466 | |
| Housing, n (%) | ||||||
| Not alone | 144 (61.8) | 114 (64.0) | 30 (54.5) | 0.419 | Ref | |
| Alone | 89 (38.2) | 64 (36.0) | 25 (45.5) | 1.292 (0.693–2.410) | 0.42 | |
| Education status, n (%) | ||||||
| Less than primary school | 47 (20.2) | 32 (27.3) | 15 (20.2) | 0.073 | 2.585 (0.809–8.262) | 0.109 |
| Primary School | 105 (45.1) | 77 (50.9) | 28 (45.1) | 1.745 (0.607–5.019) | 0.301 | |
| Secondary school | 52 (22.3) | 45 (12.7) | 7 (22.3) | 0.747 (0.214–2.606) | 0.640 | |
| University and above | 29 (12.4) | 24 (9.1) | 5 (12.4) | Ref | ||
| Number of daily medications (number) | 5.39 ± 3.85 | 5.20 ± 3.79 | 5.98 ± 4.00 | 0.195 | 1.053 (0.974–1.138) | 0.195 |
| Number of falls in the last year, n (%) | ||||||
| None | 152 (65.2) | 124 (69.7) | 28 (50.9) | 0.018 | Ref | |
| 1–5 | 66 (28.3) | 46 (25.8) | 20 (36.4) | 2.111 (1.044–4.270) | 0.038 | |
| 5–10 | 11 (4.7) | 7 (3.9) | 4 (7.3) | 1.407 (0.141–14.062) | 0.771 | |
| More than 10 | 4 (1.7) | 1 (0.6) | 3 (5.5) | 12.667 (1.268–126.557) | 0.031 | |
| Need for walking assistance, n (%) | ||||||
| No | 195 (83.7) | 154 (74.5) | 41 (74.5) | 0.042 | Ref | |
| Yes | 38 (16.3) | 24 (13.5) | 14 (25.5) | 2.144 (1.017–4.521) | 0.045 | |
| Monthly income, n (%) | ||||||
| Lower than 600 € | 33 (23.7) | 25 (23.8) | 8 (23.5) | 0.664 | 1.222 (0.433–3.445) | 0.705 |
| 600–1,200 € | 53 (38.1) | 38 (36.2) | 15 (44.1) | 1.507 (0.617–3.682) | 0.368 | |
| Higher than 1,200 € | 53 (38.1) | 42 (40.0) | 11 (32.) | Ref | ||
Values are expressed as counts (percentages) or mean ± standard deviation, statistically significant values (p < 0.05) are bolded.