Fig. 3.

RSA analyses of S. miltiorrhiza roots by the landmark method. (A) Landmark placement for S. miltiorrhiza root. We defined a set of 9 landmarks covering the overall outline of the root system and primary roots. (B) Samples of S. miltiorrhiza root were grouped into 10 clades according to the landmark placement. The branch of each group was labeled in different colors. The clades were then clustered into 3 categories by PCA (C). (D) The importance evaluation of phenotypic traits according to the landmark clustering (10 clades) using the random forest model.