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. 2023 Oct 2;14:6132. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-41892-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Schematic of the inhibition of XQ2 against the liquid phase condensation of cGAS-DNA. b, c FRAP of cGAS-DNA condensates. Bleaching was performed at the indicated time points (30 and 60 min) after mixing of hcGAS-FL (1 μM) and Cy3-ISD (1 μM), and the recovery occurred at 37 °C. Time 0 s indicates the start of recovery after photobleaching. FRAP of cGAS-DNA droplets was quantified by fluorescence intensity. d, e The liquid phase condensation of hcGAS-FL (500 nM) protein and Cy3-ISD (500 nM) in the presence of either DMSO or the indicated doses of XQ2 for 30 min at 37 °C. The images shown in (d) are representative of all fields in the well. Quantification of condensation was shown by the relative number of droplets. f cGAS-knockout Hela cells reconstituted with EGFP-hcGAS-FL were stimulated by transfection of ISD in the presence of either DMSO or XQ2 (10 μM) for 4 h. Representative imaging analysis by confocal microscope. Individual cells and cGAS–DNA puncta (Boxes) are enlarged. These images represent at least five fields examined. Data are representative of three independent experiments with similar results in (f), or three independent experiments in (b–e). (Data are presented as mean ± SD, n = 3 independent samples in (c, e). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.