Table 1.
The characteristics of patients.
| Characteristics | Total (n = 113) | Non-PICM (n = 80) | PICM (n = 33) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (years) | 71.3 ± 11.2 | 71.8 ± 10.4 | 70.0 ± 13.2 | 0.44 |
| Male sex (n, %) | 62 (54.9) | 42 (52.5) | 20 (60.6) | 0.28 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.9 ± 3.8 | 22.6 ± 3.9 | 23.4 ± 3.5 | 0.32 |
| Echocardiography | ||||
| LVEF (%) | 65.0 ± 13.0 | 63.7 ± 11.8 | 68.0 ± 15.2 | 0.11 |
| LVDd (mm) | 47.2 ± 7.1 | 47.1 ± 6.8 | 47.7 ± 7.7 | 0.66 |
| LVDs (mm) | 30.2 ± 7.4 | 30.5 ± 7.4 | 29.5 ± 7.2 | 0.51 |
| LAD (mm) | 42.8 ± 8.7 | 42.9 ± 9.0 | 42.6 ± 8.1 | 0.81 |
| Medical history and clinical findings | ||||
| CAD (n, %) | 44 (38.9) | 26 (32.5) | 18 (54.5) | 0.03* |
| CABG | 8 (7.1) | 5 (6.3) | 3 (9.1) | 0.69 |
| PCI | 33 (29.2) | 14 (42.4) | 19 (23.8) | 0.05* |
| DM (n, %) | 39 (34.5) | 26 (32.5) | 13 (39.4) | 0.31 |
| HT (n, %) | 74 (65.5) | 55 (68.8) | 19 (57.6) | 0.18 |
| HF (n, %) | 33 (29.2) | 23 (28.7) | 10 (30.3) | 0.52 |
| NYHA class ≥ II, n (%) | 52 (46.0) | 36 (45.0) | 16 (48.5) | 0.45 |
| Arrythmia and ECG findings | ||||
| AF (n, %) | 48 (42.5) | 34 (42.5) | 14 (42.4) | 0.58 |
| AVB indicating PMI (n, %) | 36 (31.9) | 23 (28.7) | 13 (39.4) | 0.19 |
| RBBB (n, %) | 23 (20.4) | 16 (20.0) | 7 (21.2) | 0.54 |
| LBBB (n, %) | 10 (8.8) | 10 (12.5) | 0 (0) | 0.03* |
| QRS duration (ms) | 113.5 ± 24.4 | 116.9 ± 25.6 | 105.2 ± 19.1 | 0.02* |
| Kidney function | ||||
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 59.3 ± 24.8 | 62.7 ± 23.9 | 50.9 ± 25.2 | 0.02* |
| eGFR ≥ 90 (n, %) | 7 (6.2) | 5 (6.3) | 2 (6.1) | 0.67 |
| eGFR ≥ 60 and < 90 (n, %) | 52 (46.0) | 40 (50.0) | 12 (36.4) | 0.13 |
| eGFR < 60 (n, %) | 54 (47.8) | 35 (43.8) | 19 (57.6) | 0.13 |
| eGFR ≤ 30 (n, %) | 13 (11.5) | 5 (6.3) | 8 (24.2) | 0.01* |
PICM pacemaker-induced cardiomyopathy, BMI body mass index, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LVDd left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, LVDs left ventricular end-systolic diameter, LAD left atrial diameter, CAD coronary artery disease, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, CABG coronary artery bypass graft, DM diabetes mellitus, HT hypertension, HF heart failure, NYHA New York Heart Association, AF atrial fibrillation, AVB atrioventricular block, RBBB right bundle branch block, LBBB left bundle branch block, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate. *P < 0.05.