Fig. 6.

Relationships Between Disease-specific Metrics and Oscillatory Beta and Gamma Interference Effects. (Left) Among participants with HAND, a lower CD4 nadir was associated with stronger (i.e., more negative) beta interference during the motor execution period in the left precentral gyrus (top). Interestingly, however, the longer those with HAND were on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), the weaker their oscillatory gamma interference effects were in the right pre-supplementary motor area (SMA; bottom). (Right) Among participants in the ADS group, stronger (i.e., more negative) oscillatory beta interference effects during the motor planning period in the right superior temporal area were associated with poorer sleep quality, as measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Conversely, during the movement execution period, poorer sleep quality was associated with weaker (i.e., more positive) beta interference effects in the left prefrontal cortex of those on the ADS. Further, greater informant-reported cognitive impairment was associated with stronger (i.e., more negative) beta interference effects in the right cerebellum during the movement execution period. Finally, stronger gamma interference effects in the left premotor cortex were associated with more optimal MMSE scores. *p < .05, **p < .01.