Testing for anti-sperm antibodies in serum of either males or females with unexplained infertility is not recommended (Menge et al., 1982; Mardesic et al., 2000; Monem and Moalla, 2003; Yasin et al., 2016). |
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Testing for coeliac disease in women with unexplained infertility can be considered (Tersigni et al., 2014). |
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Testing for thyroid antibody and other autoimmune conditions (apart from coeliac disease) in women with unexplained infertility is not recommended (Poppe et al., 2002; Abalovich et al., 2007; Kilic et al., 2008). |
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TSH measurement is considered good practice in pre-conception care. |
GPP |
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No additional thyroid evaluation in women is recommended if TSH is within the normal range (Duran et al., 2013; Unuane et al., 2013; Orouji Jokar et al., 2018; Rehman et al., 2020). |
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Testing for thrombophilia in women with unexplained infertility is not recommended (Behjati et al., 2006; Bellver et al., 2008; Coulam and Jeyendran, 2009; Casadei et al., 2010; Fatini et al., 2012; Steinvil et al., 2012; Kydonopoulou et al., 2017; Milenkovic et al., 2020). |
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Measurement of oxidative stress in semen of males with unexplained infertility should only be considered in the context of research. |
Research only |
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Measurement of oxidative stress in women with unexplained infertility is not recommended (Veena et al., 2008; Pekel et al., 2015; Lazzarino et al., 2021; Şentürk et al., 2021). |
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Genetic or genomic tests are currently not recommended in couples with unexplained infertility (Trková et al., 2000; Papanikolaou et al., 2005; Witkin et al., 2010; Sahmani et al., 2011; Vani et al., 2012; Suganya et al., 2015; Salas-Huetos et al., 2016; Rull et al., 2018; Ertosun et al., 2022). |
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Testing for vitamin D deficiency in women is not recommended for diagnosis of unexplained infertility (Rudick et al., 2012; Lopes et al., 2017; Butts et al., 2019; Güngör et al., 2022; Ko et al., 2022). |
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Prolactin testing in women is not recommended (Subramanian et al., 1997; Veena et al., 2008; Orouji Jokar et al., 2018; Qu et al., 2020). |
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BMI measurement in women is considered good practice in pre-conception care. |
GPP |