Table 1. Demographic and Sociodemographic Information for Total Sample and by ASD Status.
| Demographic and sociodemographic data | Diagnostic groupa | t Test or χ2 | P value | Effect size, Cohen d | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (n = 213) | Nonpersistent ASD (n = 79) | Persistent ASD (n = 134) | ||||
| Age at ASD clinical diagnosis, mo | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 24.56 (3.85) | 25.01 (3.68) | 24.29 (3.94) | t = 1.324 | .19 | 0.19 |
| 12 to <18 | 5 (2.3) | 1 (1.3) | 4 (3.0) | χ2 = 0.653 | .72 | 0.11 |
| 18 to <24 | 81 (38.0) | 30 (38.0) | 51 (38.1) | |||
| 24-36 | 127 (59.6) | 48 (60.8) | 79 (59.0) | |||
| Age at research assessment, mean (SD), mo | 74.27 (7.10) | 73.61 (6.58) | 74.66 (7.34) | t = 1.053 | .29 | 0.15 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Girls | 36 (16.9) | 22 (27.8) | 14 (10.4) | χ2 = 10.714 | .001 | 0.46 |
| Boys | 177 (83.1) | 57 (72.2) | 120 (89.6) | |||
| Raceb | ||||||
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 1 (0.5) | 1 (1.3) | 0 | χ2 = 2.490 | .65 | NA |
| Asian | 14 (6.6) | 3 (3.8) | 11 (8.2) | |||
| Black | 19 (8.9) | 9 (11.4) | 10 (7.5) | |||
| White | 171 (80.3) | 64 (81.0) | 107 (79.9) | |||
| Other race or ethnicity not further specified | 18 (8.5) | 5 (6.3) | 13 (9.7) | |||
| Missing or prefer not to answer | 3 (1.4) | 1 (1.3) | 2 (1.5) | |||
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 30 (14.1) | 10 (12.7) | 20 (14.9) | χ2 = 0.015 | .90 | 0.019 |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 171 (80.3) | 67 (84.8) | 104 (77.6) | |||
| Prefer not to answer | 1 (0.5) | 1 (1.3) | 0 | |||
| Missing | 11 (5.2) | 1 (1.3) | 10 (7.5) | |||
| Insurance type | ||||||
| Private | 149 (70.0) | 61 (77.2) | 88 (65.7) | χ2 = 4.594 | .10 | 0.300 |
| Public | 49 (23.0) | 12 (15.2) | 37 (27.6) | |||
| Tri-Care | 11 (5.2) | 5 (6.3) | 6 (4.5) | |||
| Self-pay | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Other or unknownc | 4 (1.9) | 1 (1.3) | 3 (2.2) | |||
| Premature (<37 wk) | ||||||
| No | 178 (83.6) | 64 (81.0) | 114 (85.1) | χ2 = 0.597 | .44 | 0.106 |
| Yes | 35 (16.4) | 15 (19.0) | 20 (14.9) | |||
| Maternal educational level | ||||||
| Did not attend high school | 0 | 0 | 0 | χ2 = 9.568 | .14 | NA |
| Some high school | 1 (0.5) | 1 (1.3) | 0 | |||
| High school graduate or GED | 17 (8.0) | 3 (3.8) | 14 (10.4) | |||
| Trade or vocational school | 3 (1.4) | 0 | 3 (2.2) | |||
| Associate’s degree | 18 (8.5) | 4 (5.1) | 14 (10.4) | |||
| Some college | 29 (13.6) | 10 (12.7) | 19 (14.2) | |||
| Bachelor’s degree | 68 (31.9) | 29 (36.7) | 39 (29.1) | |||
| Graduate or professional degree | 77 (36.2) | 32 (40.5) | 45 (33.6) | |||
| Prefer not to answer or missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Annual household income | ||||||
| <$20 999 | 6 (2.8) | 3 (3.8) | 3 (2.2) | χ2 = 11.859 | .22 | NA |
| $21 000-$35 999 | 9 (4.2) | 4 (5.1) | 5 (3.7) | |||
| $36 000-$50 999 | 7 (3.3) | 4 (5.1) | 3 (2.2) | |||
| $51 000-$65 999 | 10 (4.7) | 1 (1.3) | 9 (6.7) | |||
| $66 000-$80 999 | 22 (10.3) | 9 (11.4) | 13 (9.7) | |||
| $81 000-$100 999 | 18 (8.5) | 2 (2.5) | 16 (11.9) | |||
| $101 000-$130 999 | 32 (15.0) | 13 (16.5) | 19 (14.2) | |||
| $131 000-$160 999 | 28 (13.1) | 10 (12.7) | 18 (13.4) | |||
| >$161 000 | 59 (27.7) | 26 (32.9) | 33 (24.6) | |||
| Prefer not to answer | 21 (9.9) | 7 (8.9) | 14 (10.4) | |||
| Missing | 1 (0.5) | 0 | 1 (0.7) | |||
Abbreviations: ASD, autism spectrum disorder; GED, General Educational Development; NA, not applicable.
a
Unless otherwise indicated, data are expressed as No. (%) of patients. Percentages have been rounded and may not total 100.
b
Twelve respondents reported more than 1 race. These categories were provided to the parent who then marked which of the categories best described their child.
c
Unknown and missing were grouped together on our survey.