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. 2023 Sep 19;14:1234553. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1234553

Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants (N = 332).

Variables Categories N (%) HRQoL Mean ± SD t/F
Gender Male 233 (70.2) 57.09 ± 12.49 0.15
Female 99 (29.8) 56.87 ± 12.00
Age (years) 18–44 121 (36.4) 58.68 ± 11.98 1.86
45–59 211 (63.6) 56.07 ± 12.45
Marital status Single 64 (19.3) 57.57 ± 12.65 0.70
Married 251 (75.6) 57.15 ± 12.08
Divorced 11 (3.3) 51.99 ± 15.42
Widowed 6 (1.8) 55.21 ± 14.71
Residence Towns 246 (74.1) 58.19 ± 12.44 2.96*
Rural 86 (25.9) 53.67 ± 11.41
Medical coverage Self-financed 3 (0.6) 45.31 ± 6.25 1.29
Resident health insurance 134 (40.4) 56.31 ± 12.59
Employee medical insurance 192 (57.8) 57.73 ± 12.06
Commercial insurance 3 (0.9) 55.21 ± 20.09
Duration of HD (months) 3 ~ 6 39 (11.7) 57.09 ± 13.19 0.49
6 ~ 12 39 (11.7) 56.25 ± 11.44
12 ~ 60 158 (47.6) 56.44 ± 12.67
≥60 96 (28.9) 58.27 ± 11.83
Dialysis frequency(times/week) <3 42 (12.7) 60.34 ± 11.62 1.87
≥3 290 (87.3) 56.54 ± 12.37
dialysis time period Daytime 283 (85.2) 56.45 ± 12.23 −2.05*
Evening 49 (14.8) 60.33 ± 12.54
Number of comorbidities 1 ~ 2 48 (14.5) 62.79 ± 11.27 10.89**
3 ~ 4 168 (50.6) 57.79 ± 11.97
≥5 116 (34.9) 53.52 ± 12.27
Number of medications 1 ~ 2 46 (13.9) 58.76 ± 11.33 2.54
3 ~ 4 179 (53.9) 57.86 ± 12.46
≥5 107 (32.2) 54.86 ± 12.34
Primary cause Glomerulonephritis 38 (11.4) 60.32 ± 11.75 2.80*
Diabetic nephropathy 56 (16.9) 51.53 ± 9.85
Hypertensive nephropathy 87 (26.2) 57.29 ± 13.65
Polycystic kidney 11 (3.3) 60.94 ± 10.80
Obstructive nephropathy 7 (2.1) 58.71 ± 11.30
Undetermined etiology 60 (18.1) 56.85 ± 12.36
Other 73 (22.0) 58.58 ± 12.03

HD, hemodialysis; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; SD, standard deviation. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.