Table 3.
Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards model analysis of 2-year time to recurrence in GGO-group patients not suitable for curative sublobar resection (n = 256)
| Variables | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Age | 1.05 (1.00, 1.10) | 0.07 | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Female | Reference | |||
| Male | 1.77 (0.74, 4.28) | 0.20 | ||
| Tumor size | 1.06 (1.01, 1.12) | a0.01 | ||
| Solid portion size | 1.10 (1.03, 1.16) | a0.002 | 1.07 (1.00, 1.15) | a0.04 |
| CTR (unit = 0.1) | 1.29 (0.94, 1.79) | 0.12 | ||
| Smoking status | ||||
| Non-smoker | Reference | |||
| Ex/current smoker | 1.62 (0.66, 3.97) | 0.29 | ||
| Smoking amount (pack-year) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) | 0.36 | ||
| Surgical method | ||||
| Wedge resection | Reference | |||
| Segmentectomy | 0.71 (0.30, 1.72) | 0.45 | ||
| pN category | ||||
| N0 or Nx | Reference | Reference | ||
| N1/2 | 6.67 (1.55, 28.77) | a0.01 | 6.63 (1.44, 30.64) | a0.02 |
| Lymphovascular invasion | 6.79 (2.44, 18.87) | a<0.001 | 3.28 (1.13, 9.50) | a0.03 |
| Visceral pleural invasion | 4.06 (1.19, 13.89) | a0.03 | . | |
| Resection margin distance | 0.79 (0.49, 1.28) | 0.35 | ||
| SUVmaxb | 1.21 (1.00, 1.45) | a0.04 | ||
| Air-bronchogram/bubble lucency | 0.47 (0.19, 1.18) | 0.11 | ||
| Spiculation | 4.75 (1.39, 16.20) | a0.02 | 4.49 (1.26, 16.02) | a0.02 |
| Pleural/fissure retraction | 1.38 (0.53, 3.60) | 0.51 | . | |
| Emphysema | 1.50 (0.50, 4.50) | 0.47 | ||
CI, confidence interval; CTR, consolidation-to-tumor ratio HR, hazard ratio;GGO, ground-glass opacity; SUVmax, maximum standardized uptake value.
a
A significant difference at p < .05.
b
127 missing values were be replaced with median.