Table 3.
The Adjusted Estimated ORs of Preventable Hospitalizations Associated With Time or Passing of the ACA (2010) or Medicaid Expansion (2014)
| Changes over time during 2005–2017 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Condition | ORa | 95% CI | p-value |
| Short-term diabetes complications | 1.04 | 1.007, 1.074 | 0.02 |
| Long-term diabetes complications | 1.01 | 0.977, 1.044 | 0.54 |
| Lower extremity amputation for diabetes | 1.045 | 0.931, 1.172 | 0.45 |
| Uncontrolled diabetes | 1.026 | 0.964, 1.092 | 0.42 |
| COPD and asthma in older adults | 0.975 | 0.955, 0.995 | 0.01 |
| Asthma in young adults | 0.963 | 0.908, 1.021 | 0.21 |
| Bacterial pneumonia | 0.965 | 0.942, 0.989 | <0.01 |
| UTI | 0.98 | 0.950, 1.011 | 0.33 |
| Hypertension | 0.997 | 0.953, 1.042 | 0.89 |
| Heart failure | 0.999 | 0.976, 1.022 | 0.93 |
| Total preventable hospitalization | 0.989 | 0.979, 1.000 | 0.05 |
| Passing of the ACA (2010) (2005–February 2010 versus March 2010–2017) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Condition | ORa | 95% CI | p-value |
| Short-term diabetes complications | 1.349 | 1.052, 1.731 | 0.02 |
| Long-term diabetes complications | 1.021 | 0.794, 1.312 | 0.87 |
| Lower extremity amputation for diabetes | 2.028 | 0.746, 5.512 | 0.17 |
| Uncontrolled diabetes | 0.886 | 0.564, 1.393 | 0.60 |
| COPD and asthma in older adults | 0.814 | 0.700, 0.946 | <0.01 |
| Asthma in young adults | 0.771 | 0.505, 1.178 | 0.23 |
| Bacterial pneumonia | 0.883 | 0.738, 1.056 | 0.17 |
| UTI | 0.892 | 0.708, 1.123 | 0.33 |
| Hypertension | 0.9 | 0.649, 1.247 | 0.53 |
| Heart failure | 0.975 | 0.820, 1.160 | 0.78 |
| Total preventable hospitalization | 0.927 | 0.857, 1.002 | 0.06 |
| Medicaid Expansion (2014) (2005–2013 versus 2014–2017) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Condition | ORa | 95% CI | p-value |
| Short-term diabetes complications | 1.208 | 0.945, 1.544 | 0.13 |
| Long-term diabetes complications | 1.195 | 0.932, 1.531 | 0.16 |
| Lower extremity amputation for diabetes | 1.11 | 0.473, 2.606 | 0.81 |
| Uncontrolled diabetes | 1.104 | 0.682, 1.785 | 0.69 |
| COPD and asthma in older adults | 0.816 | 0.694, 0.959 | 0.01 |
| Asthma in young adults | 0.862 | 0.533, 1.395 | 0.55 |
| Bacterial pneumonia | 0.7 | 0.571, 0.859 | <0.01 |
| UTI | 0.866 | 0.673, 1.115 | 0.26 |
| Hypertension | 0.959 | 0.675, 1.363 | 0.81 |
| Heart failure | 1.026 | 0.862, 1.220 | 0.77 |
| Preventable hospitalization | 0.917 | 0.844, 0.995 | 0.04 |
Note: Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05).
a
OR estimates associated with each year. OR<1 is a decrease, and OR>1 is an increase. For example, from 2005 to 2017, preventable hospitalizations because of short-term diabetes complications significantly increased by 4% per year.
ACA, Affordable Care Act; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; UTI, urinary tract infection.