Table 3.
Total Healthcare Expenditures and Utilization 12 Months After the Index Date of Alcohol-Related Diagnosis in Medicaid-Insured Sample
| Case |
Control |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Costs and utilization | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Difference | SE | 95% CI | p-value |
| Total costs ($)a | ||||||||
| All settings | 8,453.7 | 16,995.6 | 3,630.3 | 12,459.9 | 4,823.4 | 170.8 | (4,489, 5,158) | 0.000 |
| Outpatient visits | 3,847.9 | 8,814.6 | 2,408.6 | 8,185.9 | 1,439.3 | 93.6 | (1,256, 1,623) | 0.000 |
| Inpatient visits | 4,032.7 | 13,217.9 | 1,061.4 | 8,427.9 | 2,971.3 | 131.6 | (2,713, 3,229) | 0.000 |
| Emergency room visits | 573.1 | 1,303.7 | 160.3 | 777.8 | 412.8 | 12.6 | (388.2, 437.5) | 0.000 |
| Plan-paid amount ($) | ||||||||
| All settings | 8,299.1 | 16,651.4 | 3,481.9 | 11,910.4 | 4,817.2 | 166.6 | (4,491, 5,144) | 0.000 |
| Outpatient visits | 3,772.0 | 8,751.4 | 2,335.1 | 7,949.2 | 1,436.9 | 92.4 | (1,256, 1,618) | 0.000 |
| Inpatient visits | 3,962.8 | 12,840.3 | 998.4 | 7,991.5 | 2,964.4 | 127.3 | (2,715, 3,214) | 0.000 |
| Emergency room visits | 564.3 | 1,262.5 | 148.4 | 655.3 | 415.9 | 12.0 | (392.4, 439.4) | 0.000 |
| Utilization, counts | ||||||||
| Total counts | 33.9 | 51.9 | 19.3 | 45.9 | 14.55 | 0.6 | (13.47, 15.64) | 0.000 |
| Outpatient visits | 32.3 | 51.6 | 18.9 | 45.8 | 13.37 | 0.6 | (12.29, 14.45) | 0.000 |
| Inpatient visits | 0.5 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.41 | 0.0 | (0.387, 0.432) | 0.000 |
| Emergency room visits | 1.1 | 2.1 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 0.78 | 0.0 | (0.738, 0.816) | 0.000 |
| Chronic 100% attributable costs ($) | ||||||||
| Total amount | 3,914.2 | 10,601.1 | 2.8 | 290.5 | 3,911.3 | 96.4 | (3,722, 4,100) | 0.000 |
| Plan-paid amount | 3,858.0 | 10,576.8 | 2.8 | 290.5 | 3,855.1 | 96.2 | (3,667, 4,044) | 0.000 |
| Acute 100% attributable costs ($) | ||||||||
| Allowed amount | 3.3 | 243.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 3.3 | 2.2 | (–1.001, 7.659) | 0.132 |
| Plan-paid amount | 3.3 | 243.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 3.3 | 2.2 | (–1.001, 7.659) | 0.132 |
| Other alcohol-related costs ($) | ||||||||
| Cancer | 192.3 | 4,646.3 | 137.9 | 4,731.4 | 54.4 | 51.4 | (–46.40, 155.2) | 0.290 |
| Heart disease and stroke | 1,901.9 | 9,815.9 | 686.5 | 6,450.3 | 1,215.4 | 96.6 | (1,026, 1,405) | 0.000 |
| Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas | 624.1 | 6,806.4 | 96.0 | 2,865.4 | 528.0 | 65.5 | (399.7, 656.4) | 0.000 |
| All other acute-related conditions | 539.5 | 6,632.9 | 173.0 | 4,703.5 | 386.3 | 66.6 | (255.8, 516.8) | 0.000 |
| Acute conditions, not 100% attributable | 873.5 | 6,153.6 | 133.0 | 3,955.0 | 740.5 | 61.5 | (620.1, 861.0) | 0.000 |
Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05).
a
Total costs are the sum of patient-paid and plan-paid amounts, and all costs are adjusted to 2020 U.S. dollars using the U.S. medical care inflation rate.