Table 1.
Characteristics of All Included Studies
| Source publication |
Follow-up duration (year) |
Analysis sample size (n) | Age (years) |
Device |
Exposure |
Outcome | Overall quality | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year, site | Female (%) | TPA | MVPA | LPA | SB | Step count | |||||
| Lee36,a 2018, U.S. |
2.3 (SD: NR) | 16,741 100% |
72.0 (SD: 5.7) | ActiGraph GT3X+ |
√ | √ | √ | √ | ACM | Good | |
| CE Matthews37 2016, U.S. |
6.6 (SD: NR) | 4,840 50.3% |
56.8 (SE: 0.4) | ActiGraph AM-7164 |
√ | √ | √ | ACM | Good | ||
| Dohrn38,a 2018, SW |
14.2 (SD: 1.9) | 828 56.0% |
66.7 (SD: 10.2) | ActiGraph 7,164 |
√ | √ | √ | √ | ACM, CM |
Fair | |
| Evenson39,a 2016, U.S. |
6.8 (IQR: 5.7–7.8) |
3,809 54.6% |
55.3 (SE: 0.4) | Actigraph AM-7164 |
√ | √ | √ | √ | ACM, CM |
Good | |
| Dempsey22 2020, UK |
5.7 (SD: NR) (CVD)b 6.6 (SD: NR) (ACM) |
5,580 (CVD)b 5,249 (ACM) 58.5% |
68.9 (SD: 7.2) | ActiGraph GT1M / GT3X+ |
√ | √ | √ | √ | ACM, CVD Eventc |
Good | |
| J Tarp23 2020, U.S. |
10.8 (IQR: 9.7–11.8) |
3,542 54.0% |
56.1 (SD: 11.4) | ActiGraph 7,164 |
√ | √ | √ | √ | ACM | Good | |
| BJ Jefferis40,a 2018, UK |
5.0 (IQR: 0.2–6.1) |
1,181 0% |
78.4 (SD: 4.6) | Actigraph GT3x |
√ | √ | √ | √ | ACM | Fair | |
| Saint-Maurice 201841 2018, U.S. |
6.6 (SD: NR) | 4,840 50.3% |
≥40.0 | Actigraph AM-7164 |
√ | √ | √ | ACM | Fair | ||
| Bielemann42,a 2019, Br |
2.7 (IQR: 2.5–2.8) |
973 62.2% |
60–69 (50.9%) 70–79 (34.6%) ≥80 (14.2%) |
GENEActiv |
√ | √ | √ | ACM | Fair | ||
| MJ LaMonte43,a 2018, U.S. |
3.1 (SD: 0.7) | 6,382 100% |
78.6 (SD: 6.7) | Actigraph GT3X+ |
√ | √ | √ | ACM, CM |
Good | ||
| KE Ensrud44,a 2014, U.S. |
4.5 (SD: 1.0) | 2,918 0% |
79.0 (SD: 5.2) | SenseWear pro armband | √ | √ | √ | ACM, CM |
Good | ||
| KR Fox45,a 2015, UK |
4.1 (SD: 1.1) | 213 48.8% |
≥70.0 | Actigraph GT1Ms |
√ | √ | √ | ACM | Fair | ||
| BJ Jefferis46,a 2019, UK |
4.9 (range: 0.1–6.1) |
1,181 0% |
78.4 (Range: 71–92) |
Actigraph GT3x |
√ | √ | √ | √ | CVD Eventd |
Good | |
| KM Diaz47,a 2017, U.S. |
4.0 (range: 0.1–6.1) |
7,985 54.1% |
63.5 (SD: 8.5) | Actical |
√ | ACM | Fair | ||||
| Dohrn48 2019, SW |
14.4 (SD: 1.6) | 1,176 55.0% |
45.3 (SD: 14.5) | ActiGraph 7,164 |
√ | √ | √ | √ | CVD Evente |
Good | |
| K Bakrania49 2017, UK |
5.7 (SD: NR) | 683 36.6% |
63.6 (SD: 7.8) | ActiGraph GT3X |
√ | √ | ACM | Fair | |||
| AZ. LaCroix50 2019, U.S. |
3.5 (range: 0.01–4.9) |
5,861 100% |
78.5 (SD: 6.7) | Actigraph GT3X+ |
√ | √ | CVD Eventf |
Good | |||
| PD Loprinzi51 2017, U.S. |
6.6 (SD: NR) | 5,575 51.6% |
46.3 (SE: 0.5) | ActiGraph 7,164 |
√ | ACM | Fair | ||||
| J Klenk59,a 2016, GE |
4.0 (SD: NR) | 1,271 43.6% |
75.6±6.5 | ActivPAL |
√ | √ | ACM | Good | |||
| PD Loprinzi52 2016, U.S. |
7.7 (IQR: 7.3–8.3) |
1,658 52.6% (alive), 46.6% (not alive) |
Range: 40–85 | Actigraph 7,164 |
√ | ACM | Fair | ||||
| YV Chudasama53,a 2019, UK |
6.9 (range: 3.8–9.1) |
95,616 54.9%b, 56.6%h |
65.7g (IQR: 59.5–69.9) 62.3h (IQR: 55.2–67.6) |
Axivity AX3 |
√ | ACM | Good | ||||
| T Dwyer54 2015, AU |
10.0 (SD: NR) | 2,576 52.4% |
58.8 (SD: 13.2) | Omron HJ-003, HJ-102 Yamax SW-200 |
√ | ACM | Good | ||||
| N Yamamoto55,a) 2018, JP |
9.8 (Range: 1–11) |
419 45.6% |
71.0 (SD: 0) | Yamasa EC-100S |
√ | ACM | Fair | ||||
| Lee56,a 2019, U.S. |
4.3 (SD: NR) | 16,741 100% |
72.0 (SD: 5.7) | Actigraph GT3X+ |
√ | ACM | Good | ||||
| AA Wanigatunga57 2019, U.S. |
4.4 (SD: 2.2) | 529 47.8% |
75.8 (SD: 7.2) | Actiheart |
√ | ACM | Fair | ||||
| S Oftedal25 2019, AU |
9.6 (range: 0.2–13.1) |
1,697 49.3% |
65.4 (SD: 7.1) | Yamax SW-200 |
√ | ACM | Fair | ||||
| CM Koolhaas58,a 2017, NE |
7.5 (IQR: 6.6–8.3) |
1,839 54.4% |
T1: 60.1 (SD: 8.0) T2: 63.7 (SD: 9.5) T3: 65.2 (SD: 10.6) |
Actiwatch AW4 |
√ | ACM | Good | ||||
| Bellettiere24 2019, U.S. |
4.9 (SD: NR) | 5,471 100% |
Q1: 76.3 (SD: 6.2) Q2: 78.1 (SD: 6.6) Q3: 78.9 (SD: 6.6) Q4: 80.9 (SD: 6.5) |
ActiGraph GT3x+ |
√ | CVD Eventb |
Fair | ||||
| PF Saint-Maurice21,a 2020, U.S. |
10.1 (SD: NR) | 4,840 53.5% |
56.8 (SE: 0.4) | ActiGraph 7,164 |
√ | ACM, CM | Good | ||||
Follow-up duration and age are reported as mean (SD or SE), median (IQR), or range.
Studies included in the meta-analysis.
CVD events (include the first occurrence of an MI, revascularization, hospitalized angina, heart failure, stroke, or death attributable to any CVD among women without that event) and CHD events (nonfatal MI or coronary death) as a separate endpoint.
Total fatal and nonfatal incidents of CVD.
Fatal and nonfatal CHD, stroke, heart failure.
CVD events and mortality.
Coronary heart disease, revascularization, carotid artery disease, hospitalized angina, congestive heart failure, stroke, or death from other CVDs.
With multimorbidity.
Without multimorbidity.
ACM, all-cause mortality; AU, Australia; BR, Brazil; CHD, coronary heart disease; CM, cardiovascular disease‒specific mortality; CVD, cardiovascular disease; GE, Germany; JP, Japan; LPA, light-intensity physical activity; MI, myocardial infarction; MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity; NE, Netherlands; NR, not reported; Q, quartile; SB, sedentary behavior; SE, standard error; SW, Sweden; T, Tertile; TPA, total physical activity; UK, United Kingdom.