Table 2.
Measures of Neighborhood and Household Socioeconomic Disadvantage
| Neighborhood and household characteristics | Non-Hispanic White (n = 81) | Non-Hispanic Black (n = 57) | All other (n = 38) | Group diffs | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Census data/ACS | Mean | Min‒Max | Mean | Min‒Max | Mean | Min‒Max | |
| % Non-White | 32.6 | 2.4–85.3 | 69.2 | 30.3–100.0 | 52.8 | 12.0–93.1 | WB, WO, BO |
| % Public assistance | 9.8 | 0.0–34.4 | 25.4 | 3.0–51.6 | 19.0 | 2.2–51.1 | WB, WO |
| % In poverty | 13.5 | 0.8–44.0 | 25.2 | 4.2–60.3 | 19.0 | 3.7–50.0 | WB, BO |
| % Aged ≥16 years unemployed | 4.9 | 1.2–13.3 | 7.7 | 2.3–28.4 | 6.5 | 0.7–28.4 | WB |
| % < HS degree | 8.9 | 0.3–30.4 | 15.2 | 3.5–27.2 | 12.8 | 2.1–28.8 | WB, WO |
| % Rentals | 34.3 | 0.6–86.2 | 55.4 | 19.9–86.2 | 48.4 | 5.3–86.8 | WB, WO |
| Non-Census/ACS neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage indicators | |||||||
| Healthy foods | 3.2 | 1.8–4.8 | 2.8 | 1.3–4.3 | 3.0 | 1.3–4.3 | WB |
| Safety | 4.0 | 2.0–5.0 | 3.3 | 1.0–5.0 | 3.5 | 2.0–5.0 | WB, WO |
| Violence | 1.2 | 1.0–3.0 | 1.5 | 1.0–3.5 | 1.3 | 1.0–2.3 | WB |
| Walking environment | 3.8 | 1.7–4.9 | 3.3 | 2.2–4.7 | 3.5 | 1.6–4.8 | WB, WO |
| Household socioeconomic disadvantage indicators | |||||||
| Income-to-needs | 4.4 | 0.1–16.6 | 1.4 | 0.0–9.3 | 2.7 | 0.0–11.0 | WB, WO, BO |
| Maternal education | 5.1 | 1.0–7.0 | 3.3 | 1.0–7.0 | 3.8 | 1.0–7.0 | WB, WO |
| Food insecurity | 1.2 | 1.0–3.0 | 1.6 | 1.0–3.0 | 1.4 | 1.0–3.0 | WB |
Note: Neighborhood Scales are from Mujahid, Diez Roux, Morenoff, & Raghunathan.35 Group diffs=significant pairwise comparisons (p<0.05) using Tukey's HSD or Tamhane's posthoc multiple comparisons procedure after significant ANOVA (or Welch ANOVA).
ACS, American Community Survey; BO, non-Hispanic Black versus all other; diff, difference; HS, high school; HSD, honestly significant difference; Max, maximum; Min, minimum; WB, non-Hispanic White versus Non-Hispanic Black; WO, non-Hispanic White versus all other.