Table 2.
Core set of Hsp70-mediated medications in NDDs.
| Factor | Hsp70 | Scenario | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arimoclomol | Induction | Downregulation of glycosphingolipid storage; prolongation of HSF-1 activation with a stress-resistance maintained | Kalmar et al. (2014), Kirkegaard et al. (2016), and Kalmar and Greensmith (2017) |
| Cannabidiol | Induction | Grp78 overexpression with a reversal of the apoptotic watershed in ER | Patel et al. (2023) |
| Carbenoxolone | Induction | HSF-1 activation in rotenone presence | Thakur and Nehru (2014) |
| Colchicine | Induction | Upregulation of HspB8 expression and blocking TDP-43 accumulation | Mandrioli et al. (2019) |
| Fenofibrate | Induction | Abundant cytokine cascades with a synchronous Hsp90 decline and Hsp70 elevation | Rizk et al. (2022) |
| Phenlarmide | Induction | Hsp70-mediated α-synuclein disaggregation | Bao et al. (2017) |
| GGA/geranyl geranylacetone | Induction | Activation of ERK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway and retardation of inflammatory reactions | Sun et al. (2017) |
| HSF-1 proper | Induction | Upregulation of Hsp70 transcription; selective toxicity blocking with no trimerization or modification of signaling pathways | Kondo et al. (2013) and Verma et al. (2014) |
| J147 | Inhibition | Prevention of synaptic protein loss and thus of cognitive dysfunction in a diminished Hsp70 expression; an overexpression of Hsp90 | Chen et al. (2011) |
| Luteolin | Induction | Mechanism and causation are not clear yet | Rahimpour et al. (2023) |
| Myricetin | Induction | Proteasome-mediated cleavage | Joshi et al. (2019) |
| Neferine | Induction | Hsp70-mediated tolerance to hypoxia | Sengking et al. (2022) |
| Phenothiazines: methylene blue or leucomethylene blue dimesylate (TRx0237) and azure C | Inhibition | ATP-ase activity inhibition | Lo Cascio and Kayed (2018) |
| Pioglitazone | Induction | Induction of Hsp70 in the pancreas | Konturek et al. (2005) |
| Rhodacyanine-derived compounds: MKT-077, YM-01, YM-08, and JG-23 | Inhibition | Binding allosteric Hsp70 regions to provide tight interaction with misfolded proteins with no return in ATP-binding state and no protein release into the cytosol | Abisambra et al. (2013) |
| Riluzole | Induction | Stimulation via HSF-1 dependent upregulation | Yang et al. (2008) |
| Tetracarpidium conophorum | Induction | Credible results with an unclear machinery | Tokunbo et al. (2023) |
| U-133 | Induction | HSF-1 transcription enhanced | Ekimova et al. (2018) |
The medications here include all novel options mentioned in PubMed-indexed publications for two recent years as well as any option cited at least twice for previous years.