Table 2.

Hazard ratio of developing dementia according to zoster vaccination

Vaccine type	Demographic	Category	Dementia type	Model 1: HR (95%C.I.)	Model 2: HR (95%C.I.)	Model 3: HR (95%C.I.)	E-valuea
Zoster	All		All	0.80 (0.79–0.81)	0.78 (0.77–0.79)	0.78 (0.77–0.79)	1.89 (1.85)
			Alzheimer’s	0.94 (0.92–0.96)	0.91 (0.89–0.92)	0.91 (0.89–0.92)	1.44 (1.38)
			Other	0.73 (0.72–0.74)	0.71 (0.69–0.72)	0.71 (0.69–0.72)	2.19 (2.13)
	Gender	Male	All	0.86 (0.85–0.88)	0.83 (0.81–0.85)	0.83 (0.81–0.85)	1.71 (1.65)
			Alzheimer’s	1.04 (1.00–1.07)	0.99 (0.96–1.02)	0.99 (0.96–1.02)	1.12 (1.00)
			Other	0.79 (0.77–0.80)	0.76 (0.74–0.77)	0.76 (0.74–0.77)	1.98 (1.90)
		Female	All	0.76 (0.74–0.77)	0.74 (0.73–0.75)	0.74 (0.73–0.75)	2.05 (1.99)
			Alzheimer’s	0.87 (0.85–0.90)	0.85 (0.83–0.88)	0.85 (0.83–0.88)	1.62 (1.54)
			Other	0.68 (0.67–0.70)	0.66 (0.65–0.68)	0.66 (0.65–0.68)	2.38 (2.30)
	Age	70–74	All	0.86 (0.84–0.88)	0.81 (0.79–0.83)	0.81 (0.79–0.83)	1.76 (1.69)
			Alzheimer’s	1.02 (0.98–1.06)	0.97 (0.93–1)	0.97 (0.93–1)	1.23 (1.00)
			Other	0.77 (0.74–0.79)	0.72 (0.7–0.75)	0.72 (0.7–0.75)	2.12 (2.02)
		75–79	All	0.77 (0.76–0.79)	0.75 (0.74–0.77)	0.75 (0.74–0.77)	1.99 (1.94)
			Alzheimer’s	0.90 (0.87–0.92)	0.87 (0.85–0.9)	0.87 (0.85–0.9)	1.55 (1.46)
			Other	0.70 (0.69–0.72)	0.68 (0.66–0.7)	0.68 (0.66–0.7)	2.30 (2.22)
		80–84	All	0.82 (0.79–0.84)	0.8 (0.78–0.82)	0.8 (0.78–0.82)	1.81 (1.72)
			Alzheimer’s	0.93 (0.88–0.97)	0.91 (0.87–0.95)	0.91 (0.87–0.95)	1.44 (1.28)
			Other	0.76 (0.73–0.79)	0.74 (0.71–0.77)	0.74 (0.71–0.77)	2.03 (1.91)
		85–89	All	0.78 (0.62–0.99)	0.78 (0.61–0.99)	0.77 (0.61–0.99)	1.90 (1.13)
			Alzheimer’s	0.91 (0.60–1.38)	0.93 (0.6–1.43)	0.93 (0.6–1.43)	1.36 (1.00)
			Other	0.73 (0.55–0.98)	0.72 (0.54–0.96)	0.71 (0.53–0.96)	2.16 (1.27)
		90 +	All	0.83 (0.57–1.20)	0.74 (0.51–1.09)	0.75 (0.51–1.09)	2.02 (1.00)
			Alzheimer’s	0.57 (0.22–1.44)	0.39 (0.13–1.22)	0.39 (0.13–1.22)	4.52 (1.00)
			Other	0.90 (0.60–1.34)	0.83 (0.55–1.27)	0.83 (0.55–1.27)	1.69 (1.00)

Model 1: Adjusted for gender, age, and practice-level factors. Model 2: Further adjustments for IMD, ethnicity, and time-dependent indicators for the conditions in the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Model 3: Further adjustments for IMD, ethnicity, time-dependent indicators for the conditions in the Charlson Comorbidity Index, and time-dependent antiviral status

^aE-value and minimum effect (confidence interval closest to the null) based on HR estimates with model 3