Table 3.
Hazard ratio of developing dementia according to influenza vaccination
| Vaccine type | Demographic | Category | Dementia type | Model 1: HR (95%C.I.) | Model 2: HR (95%C.I.) | Model 3: HR (95%C.I.) | E-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Influenza | All | All | 1.03 (1.02–1.05) | 0.96 (0.94–0.97) | 0.96 (0.94–0.97) | 1.26 (1.20) | |
| Alzheimer’s | 1.15 (1.12–1.18) | 1.1 (1.07–1.12) | 1.10 (1.07–1.12) | 1.42 (1.33) | |||
| Other | 0.98 (0.96–1.00) | 0.89 (0.87–0.91) | 0.89 (0.87–0.91) | 1.50 (1.44) | |||
| Gender | Male | All | 1.07 (1.04–1.09) | 0.97 (0.94–0.99) | 0.97 (0.94–0.99) | 1.23 (1.11) | |
| Alzheimer’s | 1.20 (1.15–1.25) | 1.11 (1.07–1.16) | 1.11 (1.07–1.16) | 1.47 (1.33) | |||
| Other | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) | 0.9 (0.88–0.93) | 0.90 (0.88–0.93) | 1.45 (1.35) | |||
| Female | All | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 0.95 (0.93–0.97) | 0.95 (0.93–0.97) | 1.29 (1.21) | ||
| Alzheimer’s | 1.13 (1.09–1.17) | 1.08 (1.05–1.12) | 1.08 (1.05–1.12) | 1.38 (1.27) | |||
| Other | 0.96 (0.93–0.98) | 0.88 (0.86–0.9) | 0.88 (0.86–0.9) | 1.53 (1.46) | |||
| Age | 70–74 | All | 1.11 (1.07–1.16) | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 1.09 (1.00) | |
| Alzheimer’s | 1.27 (1.20–1.35) | 1.18 (1.11–1.26) | 1.18 (1.11–1.26) | 1.65 (1.46) | |||
| Other | 1.02 (0.97–1.08) | 0.9 (0.85–0.96) | 0.9 (0.85–0.95) | 1.45 (1.27) | |||
| 75–79 | All | 1.06 (1.03–1.10) | 0.98 (0.94–1.01) | 0.97 (0.94–1.01) | 1.19 (1.00) | ||
| Alzheimer’s | 1.14 (1.08–1.20) | 1.07 (1.02–1.13) | 1.07 (1.02–1.13) | 1.34 (1.14) | |||
| Other | 1.01 (0.97–1.06) | 0.92 (0.88–0.96) | 0.92 (0.88–0.96) | 1.41 (1.26) | |||
| 80–84 | All | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) | 0.94 (0.91–0.97) | 0.94 (0.91–0.97) | 1.31 (1.20) | ||
| Alzheimer’s | 1.15 (1.09–1.2) | 1.11 (1.06–1.17) | 1.11 (1.06–1.17) | 1.47 (1.32) | |||
| Other | 0.93 (0.89–0.96) | 0.86 (0.83–0.89) | 0.86 (0.83–0.89) | 1.60 (1.49) | |||
| 85–89 | All | 0.97 (0.94–1.01) | 0.91 (0.88–0.94) | 0.91 (0.88–0.94) | 1.44 (1.33) | ||
| Alzheimer’s | 1.08 (1.02–1.14) | 1.03 (0.97–1.09) | 1.03 (0.97–1.09) | 1.21 (1.00) | |||
| Other | 0.93 (0.9–0.97) | 0.85 (0.82–0.89) | 0.85 (0.82–0.89) | 1.62 (1.50) | |||
| 90 + | All | 1.09 (1.04–1.14) | 1.01 (0.97–1.06) | 1.01 (0.97–1.06) | 1.12 (1.00) | ||
| Alzheimer’s | 1.19 (1.09–1.3) | 1.14 (1.04–1.25) | 1.14 (1.04–1.25) | 1.54 (1.25) | |||
| Other | 1.06 (1.01–1.11) | 0.98 (0.93–1.03) | 0.98 (0.93–1.03) | 1.19 (1.00) |
Model 1: Adjusted for gender, age, and practice-level factors. Model 2: Further adjustments for IMD, ethnicity, and time-dependent indicators for the conditions in the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Model 3: Further adjustments for IMD, ethnicity, time-dependent indicators for the conditions in the Charlson Comorbidity Index, and time-dependent antiviral status
aE-value and minimum effect (confidence interval closest to the null) based on HR estimates with model 3