Table 2.
Baseline anthropometry and body composition characteristics of the study population according to the status of obesity and LLM defined by different ALM indexes
| Characteristics | Method A (ALM/height2) | Method B (ALM/weight) | Method C (ALM/BMI) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal (n = 177) |
Obesity (n = 731) |
LLM (n = 97) |
LLM with obesity (n = 100) |
P-value | Normal (n = 274) |
Obesity (n = 702) |
LLM (n = 0) |
LLM with obesity (n = 129) |
P-value | Normal (n = 248) |
Obesity (n = 560) |
LLM (n = 26) |
LLM with obesity (n = 271) |
P-value | |
| Height, mean, cm | 168.4 (1.0) | 166.4 (0.4) | 162.3 (1.1) | 164.0 (1.1) | < 0.001 | 166.2 (0.8) | 165.7 (0.4) | N/A | 168.2 (1.1) | 0.063 | 166.8 (0.8) | 167.9 (0.4) | 158.1 (0.9) | 160.9 (0.7) | < 0.001 |
| Weight, mean, kg | 70.1 (1.0) | 84.9 (0.6) | 55.5 (1.1) | 67.1 (1.2) | < 0.001 | 64.7 (1.1) | 81.5 (0.5) | N/A | 89.0 (1.8) | < 0.001 | 65.3 (1.0) | 83.8 (0.6) | 57.5 (1.7) | 79.3 (1.4) | < 0.001 |
| BMI, mean, kg/m2 | 24.6 (0.2) | 30.6 (0.2) | 21.0 (0.2) | 24.9 (0.2) | < 0.001 | 23.2 (0.2) | 29.6 (0.2) | N/A | 31.3 (0.4) | < 0.001 | 23.3 (0.2) | 29.6 (0.2) | 23.0 (0.6) | 30.5 (0.4) | < 0.001 |
| Proportion with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||||||||
| No | 100.0 (0.0) | 52.5 (2.2) | 100.0 (0.0) | 100.0 (0.0) | 100.0 (0.0) | 61.8 (2.1) | N/A | 40.9 (3.9) | 100.0 (0.0) | 61.0 (1.9) | 100.0 (0.0) | 51.6 (4.7) | |||
| Yes | 0.0 (0.0) | 47.5 (2.2) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 38.2 (2.1) | N/A | 59.1 (3.9) | 0.0 (0.0) | 39.0 (1.9) | 0.0 (0.0) | 48.4 (4.7) | |||
| BF percentage, mean, % | 29.8 (0.5) | 39.1 (0.3) | 32.3 (0.7) | 39.9 (0.7) | < 0.001 | 30.7 (0.4) | 39.0 (0.3) | N/A | 40.3 (0.7) | < 0.001 | 30.7 (0.5) | 38.8 (0.3) | 30.0 (1.5) | 40.4 (0.5) | < 0.001 |
| Proportion with BF percentage ≥ 30/42% | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||||||||
| No | 100.0 (0.0) | 25.8 (2.2) | 100.0 (0.0) | 20.6 (4.7) | 100.0 (0.0) | 29.5 (2.3) | N/A | 1.0 (1.0) | 100.0 (0.0) | 32.4 (2.5) | 100.0 (0.0) | 4.2 (1.4) | |||
| Yes | 0.0 (0.0) | 74.2 (2.2) | 0.0 (0.0) | 79.4 (4.7) | 0.0 (0.0) | 70.5 (2.3) | N/A | 99.0 (1.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 67.6 (2.5) | 0.0 (0.0) | 95.8 (1.4) | |||
| WC, mean, cm | 89.1 (0.6) | 105.9 (0.4) | 80.7 (0.9) | 94.9 (1.1) | < 0.001 | 86.0 (0.6) | 103.3 (0.4) | N/A | 111.0 (1.3) | < 0.001 | 86.1 (0.6) | 104.3 (0.5) | 85.1 (2.0) | 105.0 (1.0) | < 0.001 |
| Proportion with WC ≥ 102/88 cm | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||||||||
| No | 100.0 (0.0) | 60.2 (1.8) | 100.0 (0.0) | 84.4 (4.7) | 100.0 (0.0) | 68.8 (1.8) | N/A | 32.9 (5.6) | 100.0 (0.0) | 65.5 (1.8) | 100.0 (0.0) | 56.8 (4.1) | |||
| Yes | 0.0 (0.0) | 39.8 (1.8) | 0.0 (0.0) | 15.6 (4.7) | 0.0 (0.0) | 31.2 (1.8) | N/A | 67.1 (5.6) | 0.0 (0.0) | 34.5 (1.8) | 0.0 (0.0) | 43.2 (4.1) | |||
| ALM, mean, kg | 20.6 (0.4) | 21.2 (0.2) | 14.6 (0.4) | 15.3 (0.4) | < 0.001 | 18.4 (0.4) | 20.4 (0.2) | N/A | 20.8 (0.6) | < 0.001 | 18.6 (0.4) | 21.1 (0.2) | 15.8 (0.9) | 18.6 (0.4) | < 0.001 |
| ALM/height2, mean, kg/m2 | 7.2 (0.1) | 7.5 (0.0) | 5.5 (0.1) | 5.6 (0.1) | < 0.001 | 6.5 (0.1) | 7.3 (0.1) | N/A | 7.2 (0.2) | < 0.001 | 6.6 (0.1) | 7.4 (0.0) | 6.3 (0.3) | 7.1 (0.1) | < 0.001 |
| ALM/weight, mean, % | 0.3 (0.0) | 0.2 (0.0) | 0.3 (0.0) | 0.2 (0.0) | < 0.001 | 0.3 (0.0) | 0.2 (0.0) | N/A | 0.2 (0.0) | < 0.001 | 0.3 (0.0) | 0.2 (0.0) | 0.3 (0.0) | 0.2 (0.0) | < 0.001 |
| ALM/BMI, mean, m2 | 0.8 (0.0) | 0.7 (0.0) | 0.7 (0.0) | 0.6 (0.0) | < 0.001 | 0.8 (0.0) | 0.7 (0.0) | N/A | 0.7 (0.0) | < 0.001 | 0.8 (0.0) | 0.7 (0.0) | 0.7 (0.0) | 0.6 (0.0) | < 0.001 |
Abbreviations: ALM, appendicular lean mass; BF, body fat; BMI, body mass index; LLM, low lean mass; WC, waist circumference
Data are presented as weighted mean (SE) for continuous variables or % (SE) for categorical variables