. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Oct 3.

Published in final edited form as: Nicotine Tob Res. 2022 Oct 26;24(11):1720–1726. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntac104

Table 1.

Proportion of ENDS Ads With the Verbatim US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Nicotine Warning Statement Present That First Ran Either During the Six-Month Period Before or After August 10, 2018,^a by Medium.

	Before effective date (February 10, 2018–August 9, 2018)		after effective date (August 10, 2018–February 9, 2019)		p-value
	Total n	n (%) Verbatim FDA warning present	Total n	n (%) Verbatim FDA warning present

All ads	191	62 (32.5)	268	232 (86.6)	< .001
Static ads only^b	166	46 (27.7)	198	167 (84.3)	< .001
Video ads only^c	16	10 (62.5)	49	47 (95.9)	.002
Radio ads only	9	6 (66.7)	21	18 (85.7)	.329

Notes: ENDS = Electronic nicotine delivery systems; p-values significant at the 0.05 level and derived from Fisher’s exact tests to account for small cell size.

Date at which the nicotine warning statement requirement for ENDS ads went into effect.

Static ads included non-video online/mobile, print (eg, magazines, newspapers), and outdoor (eg, billboards) ads.

Video ads included online/mobile video advertisement, online/mobile ads that contained animated graphics (eg, GIFs), and television commercials.