Table 4.

Spatial regression model results: alternative specifications.

	Dependent variable:
	log(outage duration)
	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5	Model 6	Model 7	Model 8
log(peak outages)	0.495${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	0.391${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	0.407${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	0.358${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	0.349${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	0.350${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	0.348${}^{\mathrm{a}}$
	(0.039)	(0.036)	(0.037)	(0.035)	(0.035)	(0.035)	(0.035)
log(population)	$-$ 0.499${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	$-$ 0.393${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	$-$ 0.396${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	$-$ 0.355${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	$-$ 0.389${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	$-$ 0.387${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	$-$ 0.376${}^{\mathrm{a}}$
	(0.057)	(0.050)	(0.050)	(0.044)	(0.042)	(0.042)	(0.042)
log(county size)	0.186	0.185${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	0.154${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	0.147	0.177${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	0.172${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	0.159${}^{\mathrm{a}}$
	(0.099)	(0.084)	(0.075)	(0.077)	(0.077)	(0.077)	(0.077)
Socioeconomic vul.	0.684${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	0.540${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	0.504${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	0.386${}^{\mathrm{a}}$
	(0.267)	(0.231)	(0.220)	(0.157)
Household characteristics vul.	$-$ 0.294	$-$ 0.193	$-$ 0.087		$-$ 0.037
	(0.152)	(0.129)	(0.120)		(0.107)
Racial and ethnic minority status vul.	$-$ 0.064	$-$ 0.126	$-$ 0.473${}^{\mathrm{a}}$			0.010
	(0.211)	(0.180)	(0.178)			(0.161)
Housing type and transportation vul.	$-$ 0.138	$-$ 0.028	0.031				0.109
	(0.161)	(0.139)	(0.130)				(0.104)
$\rho$	0.400${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	0.406${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	0.488${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	0.385${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	0.385${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	0.386${}^{\mathrm{a}}$	0.383${}^{\mathrm{a}}$
	(0.032)	(0.034)	(0.039)	(0.036)	(0.036)	(0.036)	(0.036)
Average direct socioeconomic impact	0.787	0.596	0.549	0.384
Minimum-length outage (min)	5	30	60	60	60	60	60
Minimum sustained wind swath (knots)	0	0	34	0	0	0	0
Observations	1,104	943	691	862	862	862	862
Log likelihood	$-$ 1,633.431	$-$ 1,173.041	$-$ 718.029	$-$ 981.319	$-$ 980.965	$-$ 981.164	$-$ 979.025

Note: Other controls: IOU customer ratio, flood risk index, wind speed, state, and storm dummy variables (see online supplementary material note 1 and Table S1 for complete results).

${}^{\mathrm{a}}P<0.05$ .