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. 2023 Oct 3;14:5962. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-41231-8

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — UniMR − MPB SNPs with p < 1e − 5 only: Univariable MR model for MPB on skin cancer risks using on MPB SNPs with association (z-score) two-tailed P value < 1e-5 on MPB in the independent UK Biobank subset. UniMR − excl. outliers: Univariable MR model for MPB on skin cancer risks using all MPB SNPs excluding pleiotropic SNPs detected by MR-PRESSO. MVMR Model 1: MVMR model incorporating MPB, freeT and totalT. MVMR model 2: MVMR model incorporating MPB, totalT, skin colour and hair colour. The error bars reflect the 95% confidence intervals around each OR estimate. For all MVMR models, the reported OR estimates are the marginal OR estimates for skin cancer per 1 SD increase in MPB upon conditioning on the genetic effect sizes from other traits included in the model. Note that for MVMR model 2, including freeT into the model resulted in the weakening of the combined instrument for MVMR (conditional F-statistics<10 for some traits), which might result in weak instrument bias and hence were not included in the main analysis. However, these findings can be accessed in Supplementary Tables. Source data is provided as a Source Data file.