Figure 1. Quality analysis of the included studies using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s checklist for analytical cross-sectional studies and supplementary assessments.

A: Were the criteria for inclusion in the sample clearly defined? B: Were the study subjects and the setting described in detail? C: Was the exposure measured in a valid and reliable way? D: Were objective, standard criteria used for measurement of the condition? E: Were confounding factors identified? F: Were strategies to deal with confounding factors stated? G: Were the outcomes measured in a valid and reliable way? H: Was appropriate statistical analysis used? Green = low risk of bias, Yellow = unclear risk of bias, Red = high risk of bias.