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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Oct 4.
Published in final edited form as: J Med Chem. 2021 May 23;64(11):7702–7723. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00408

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

(a) Varying concentrations of VZMC013 were added before PBMC cells were infected by HIV-1BaL Env-pseudotyped Luc-expressing virus (HIV-1-Luc, 1.5 ng p24/well). Luciferase content was expressed as RLU. Null: PBMC cells were infected by HIV-1-Luc, with no ligand added. (b) PHA-stimulated PBMCs were exposed to opioids 3 days prior to infection with HIV-1BaL Env-pseudotyped Luc-expressing virus. Morphine (Morph) and DAMGO were used at a concentration of 10 nM. Bivalent compound VZMC013 (100 nM) was added 1 h before the cultures were infected with HIV and maintained in vitro. RLU values of each treatment group were normalized based on the null group (RLU values of the null group were defined as “1”). Null: PHA-stimulated PBMC cells were infected by HIV-1-Luc, with no ligand added. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism version 8.0.1 for Windows. Data were analyzed according to one-way ANOVA followed by Newman–Keuls posthoc test; *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 are considered as statistically significant and ns: not significant.