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. 2023 Oct 4;2023(10):CD004417. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004417.pub6

Comparison 1. Pain.

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
1.1 Number of participants with pain on days 3 to 6: delayed versus immediate antibiotics 4 825 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 2.46 [0.70, 8.69]
1.1.1 Delayed (prescription at time of visit) versus immediate antibiotics 3 613 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 2.67 [0.44, 16.35]
1.1.2 Delayed (prescription collection) versus immediate antibiotics 1 212 Odds Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.93 [0.96, 3.88]
1.2 Pain severity on day 3: delayed versus immediate antibiotics 2 327 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.51 [0.07, 0.95]
1.3 Duration of pain: delayed versus immediate antibiotics (days) 2   Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
1.3.1 Pharyngitis: delayed (prescription at time of visit) versus immediate antibiotics 2 493 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.21 [‐0.75, 1.18]
1.3.2 Pharyngitis: delayed (prescription collection) versus immediate antibiotics 1 201 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.10 [‐0.20, 2.40]
1.3.3 Acute otitis media: delayed (prescription at time of visit) versus immediate antibiotics 1 294 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.70 [‐1.76, 0.36]
1.4 Duration of pain: delayed versus no antibiotics (days) 2   Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
1.4.1 Pharyngitis pain: delayed (prescription at time of visit) versus no antibiotics 2 485 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.85 [‐1.80, 0.11]
1.4.2 Pharyngitis pain: delayed (prescription collection) versus no antibiotics 1 199 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐1.10 [‐2.65, 0.45]
1.4.3 Acute otitis media pain: delayed (prescription at time of visit) versus no antibiotics 1 288 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.80 [‐2.01, 0.41]