Table 4.
Summary of demographic details of each study included in the meta-analysis
| Study authors | Age; M(SD) | Gravidity | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pregnant | Non-pregnant | Primigravid (First pregnancy) | ||
| Chan et al. (2020) [31] | 31.97 (4.10)** | 52% | China (Hong Kong) | |
| Clark and Ogden (1999) [60] | 27.96 (4.75) | 26.56 (3.24) | 100% | England |
| Crossland et al. (2022)* [55] | 32.2 (4.9) | 32.7 (5.44) | 55% | UK |
| Davies and Wardle (1994) [57] | 30.13 (5.23) | 29.18 (6.16) | Average 0.8 children | England |
| Duncombe et al. (2008) [56] | 31.7 (3.7)** | 45.10% | Australia | |
| Fuller-Tyszkiewicz et al. (2020) [65] | 29.76 (3.26)** | 41% | US and UK | |
| Gough (1998) [64] | 31 (3.8)** | 66% | England | |
| Harrison et al. (2019)* [63] | 19.43 (2.85) | 19.97 (2.72) | Information not provided | Canada |
| Inanir et al. (2015)* [36] | 24.8 (5.1) | 26.23 (4.9) | Information not provided | Turkey |
| Lombardo (2001)* [61] | 28.4 31 (3.41)** | 100% | USA | |
| Loth et al. (2011)* [14] | 25.83 (SD not stated)** | 44.1% | USA | |
| McCarthy (1998)* [70] | 26.5 | 30 | 100% | USA |
| Meireles et al. (2021) [66] and Hudson et al. (2021)* [67] | 29.00 (4.77) | 20.77 (2.30) | 55.40% | Brazil |
| Pascoal et al. (2019) [62] | 31.93 (3.45)** | 58.10% | Portugal | |
| Pieta et al. (2021)* [58] | 31.94 (4.6) | 31.05 (8.57) | 29.8% | Poland |
| Ruggieri et al. (1979) [59] | 30 (SD not stated)** | Information not provided | Italy | |
| Skouteris et al. (2005) [12] | 31.63 (3.44)** | 49% | Australia | |
Note. *Scores inverted so that high scores in all studies represent high body dissatisfaction. ** studies reported combined age data for the two groups