TABLE 1.
Agar dilution MICs for 358 strains
| Strain and drug | MIC (μg/ml)
|
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Range | 50% | 90% | |
| Bacteroides fragilis (33/33)a | |||
| Cefminox | 0.25–>128.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Cefoxitin | 4.0–64.0 | 8.0 | 32.0 |
| Cefotetan | 4.0–>128.0 | 8.0 | 64.0 |
| Moxalactam | 0.5–>128.0 | 1.0 | 4.0 |
| Ceftizoxime | 8.0–>128.0 | 64.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefotiam | 64.0–>128.0 | >128.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefamandole | 64.0–>128.0 | 128.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefoperazone | 32.0–>128.0 | 128.0 | >128.0 |
| Clindamycin | 0.125–8.0 | 1.0 | 4.0 |
| Metronidazole | 0.125–2.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (14/14) | |||
| Cefminox | 2.0–128.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
| Cefoxitin | 32.0–128.0 | 32.0 | 128.0 |
| Cefotetan | 8.0–>128.0 | >128.0 | >128.0 |
| Moxalactam | 1.0–>128.0 | 64.0 | 128.0 |
| Ceftizoxime | 16.0–128.0 | 64.0 | 128.0 |
| Cefotiam | 128.0–>128.0 | >128.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefamandole | 128.0–>128.0 | >128.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefoperazone | 32.0–>128.0 | 128.0 | >128.0 |
| Clindamycin | 2.0–8.0 | 4.0 | 8.0 |
| Metronidazole | 0.25–2.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Bacteroides ovatus (12/12) | |||
| Cefminox | 2.0–>128.0 | 16.0 | 128.0 |
| Cefoxitin | 16.0–>128.0 | 32.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefotetan | 64.0–>128.0 | >128.0 | >128.0 |
| Moxalactam | 32.0–>128.0 | 128.0 | >128.0 |
| Ceftizoxime | 16.0–>128.0 | 64.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefotiam | 128.0–>128.0 | >128.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefamandole | >128.0 | >128.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefoperazone | 64.0–>128.0 | 64.0 | >128.0 |
| Clindamycin | 2.0–>64.0 | 4.0 | >64.0 |
| Metronidazole | 0.5–1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Bacteroides distasonis (20/12) | |||
| Cefminox | 1.0–>128.0 | 4.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefoxitin | 8.0–128.0 | 32.0 | 128.0 |
| Cefotetan | 32–>128.0 | 128.0 | >128.0 |
| Moxalactam | 16.0–>128.0 | 64.0 | >128.0 |
| Ceftizoxime | 0.25–>128.0 | 64.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefotiam | 32.0–>128.0 | >128.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefamandole | >128.0 | >128.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefoperazone | 8.0–>128.0 | 64.0 | >128.0 |
| Clindamycin | 0.5–>64.0 | 8.0 | 16.0 |
| Metronidazole | 0.5–2.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Bacteroides vulgatus (10/10) | |||
| Cefminox | 1.0–8.0 | 1.0 | 8.0 |
| Cefoxitin | 2.0–32.0 | 4.0 | 16.0 |
| Cefotetan | 2.0–16.0 | 4.0 | 8.0 |
| Moxalactam | 1.0–16.0 | 1.0 | 8.0 |
| Ceftizoxime | 2.0–>128.0 | 8.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefotiam | 16.0–>128.0 | 32.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefamandole | 32.0–>128.0 | 64.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefoperazone | 16.0–>128.0 | 32.0 | >128.0 |
| Clindamycin | <0.008–>64.0 | 0.25 | >64.0 |
| Metronidazole | 0.5–1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Bacteroides uniformis (10/10) | |||
| Cefminox | 0.5–128.0 | 0.5 | 64.0 |
| Cefoxitin | 1.0–64.0 | 2.0 | 16.0 |
| Cefotetan | 2.0–128.0 | 16.0 | 64.0 |
| Moxalactam | 0.5–128.0 | 1.0 | 32.0 |
| Ceftizoxime | 16.0–>128.0 | 32.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefotiam | 64.0–>128.0 | 128.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefamandole | 64.0–>128.0 | 128.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefoperazone | 16.0–>128.0 | 32.0 | >128.0 |
| Clindamycin | 0.03–4.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 |
| Metronidazole | 0.5–1.0 | 0.5 | 1.0 |
| Bacteroides fragilis group (99/91) | |||
| Cefminox | 0.25–>128.0 | 2.0 | 128.0 |
| Cefoxitin | 1.0–>128.0 | 16.0 | 128.0 |
| Cefotetan | 2.0–>128.0 | 64.0 | >128.0 |
| Moxalactam | 0.5–>128.0 | 16.0 | >128.0 |
| Ceftizoxime | 0.25–>128.0 | 64.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefotiam | 16.0–>128.0 | >128.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefamandole | 32.0–>128.0 | >128.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefoperazone | 8.0–>128.0 | 128.0 | >128.0 |
| Clindamycin | 0.008–>64.0 | 4.0 | 16.0 |
| Metronidazole | 0.125–2.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Prevotella bivia (20/10) | |||
| Cefminox | 0.5–16.0 | 2.0 | 8.0 |
| Cefoxitin | 0.5–8.0 | 1.0 | 4.0 |
| Cefotetan | 2.0–16.0 | 2.0 | 16.0 |
| Moxalactam | 0.25–32.0 | 1.0 | 16.0 |
| Ceftizoxime | 0.06–32.0 | 0.125 | 4.0 |
| Cefotiam | 1.0–>128.0 | 4.0 | 128.0 |
| Cefamandole | 2.0–>128.0 | 8.0 | 32.0 |
| Cefoperazone | 2.0–64.0 | 4.0 | 8.0 |
| Clindamycin | 0.016–0.06 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| Metronidazole | 0.25–4.0 | 1.0 | 4.0 |
| Prevotella disiens (9/8) | |||
| Cefminox | 0.5–64.0 | 32.0 | |
| Cefoxitin | 0.25–16.0 | 16.0 | |
| Cefotetan | 0.5–64.0 | 32.0 | |
| Moxalactam | 0.5–64.0 | 32.0 | |
| Ceftizoxime | 0.25–64.0 | 8.0 | |
| Cefotiam | 0.5–>128.0 | >128.0 | |
| Cefamandole | 1.0–128.0 | 128.0 | |
| Cefoperazone | 1.0–64.0 | 32.0 | |
| Clindamycin | 0.016 | 0.016 | |
| Metronidazole | 0.5–8.0 | 1.0 | |
| Prevotella melaninogenica (9/6) | |||
| Cefminox | 1.0–16.0 | 4.0 | |
| Cefoxitin | 0.5–4.0 | 1.0 | |
| Cefotetan | 0.5–16.0 | 2.0 | |
| Moxalactam | 0.5–16.0 | 4.0 | |
| Ceftizoxime | 0.25–32.0 | 2.0 | |
| Cefotiam | 1.0–>128.0 | 16.0 | |
| Cefamandole | 2.0–>128.0 | 4.0 | |
| Cefoperazone | 2.0–32.0 | 8.0 | |
| Clindamycin | 0.016–0.03 | 0.03 | |
| Metronidazole | 0.5 | 0.5 | |
| Prevotella intermedia (10/5) | |||
| Cefminox | 0.5–16.0 | 1.0 | 16.0 |
| Cefoxitin | 0.25–4.0 | 0.5 | 4.0 |
| Cefotetan | 0.5–8.0 | 1.0 | 8.0 |
| Moxalactam | 0.5–16.0 | 0.5 | 8.0 |
| Ceftizoxime | 0.5–16.0 | 1.0 | 16.0 |
| Cefotiam | 0.25–128.0 | 0.5 | 128.0 |
| Cefamandole | 0.5–16.0 | 0.5 | 16.0 |
| Cefoperazone | 0.5–2.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Clindamycin | 0.008–0.03 | 0.016 | 0.016 |
| Metronidazole | 0.5–1.0 | 0.5 | 1.0 |
| Prevotella corporis (9/1) | |||
| Cefminox | 0.25–4.0 | 0.5 | |
| Cefoxitin | 0.25–2.0 | 0.5 | |
| Cefotetan | 0.25–8.0 | 0.5 | |
| Moxalactam | 0.5–4.0 | 0.5 | |
| Ceftizoxime | 0.06–2.0 | 0.5 | |
| Cefotiam | 0.06–128.0 | 0.5 | |
| Cefamandole | 0.125–8.0 | 0.5 | |
| Cefoperazone | 0.5–2.0 | 1.0 | |
| Clindamycin | 0.016–0.03 | 0.016 | |
| Metronidazole | 0.125–0.25 | 0.25 | 0.5 |
| Miscellaneous strainsb (10/3) | |||
| Cefminox | 0.125–64.0 | 0.5 | 64.0 |
| Cefoxitin | 0.125–16.0 | 1.0 | 16.0 |
| Cefotetan | 0.125–64.0 | 1.0 | 64.0 |
| Moxalactam | 0.125–64.0 | 0.5 | 64.0 |
| Ceftizoxime | 0.125–16.0 | 0.5 | 16.0 |
| Cefotiam | 0.125–>128.0 | 1.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefamandole | 0.125–128.0 | 4.0 | 128.0 |
| Cefoperazone | 0.125–16.0 | 2.0 | 16.0 |
| Clindamycin | 0.008–0.03 | 0.016 | 0.016 |
| Metronidazole | 0.25–1.0 | 0.5 | 1.0 |
| Prevotella and Porphyromonas (67/33) | |||
| Cefminox | 0.125–64.0 | 2.0 | 32.0 |
| Cefoxitin | 0.125–16.0 | 1.0 | 16.0 |
| Cefotetan | 0.125–64.0 | 2.0 | 32.0 |
| Moxalactam | 0.125–64.0 | 1.0 | 32.0 |
| Ceftizoxime | 0.06–64.0 | 0.5 | 16.0 |
| Cefotiam | 0.06–>128.0 | 4.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefamandole | 0.125–>128.0 | 4.0 | 128.0 |
| Cefoperazone | 0.125–64.0 | 2.0 | 32.0 |
| Clindamycin | 0.008–0.06 | 0.016 | 0.03 |
| Metronidazole | 0.125–8.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Fusobacterium necrophorum (15/0) | |||
| Cefminox | 0.06–0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| Cefoxitin | 0.125–4.0 | 0.125 | 0.25 |
| Cefotetan | 0.06–0.125 | 0.125 | 0.125 |
| Moxalactam | 0.125–0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| Ceftizoxime | 0.06–0.125 | 0.06 | 0.125 |
| Cefotiam | 0.125–0.25 | 0.125 | 0.25 |
| Cefamandole | 0.06–0.125 | 0.125 | 0.125 |
| Cefoperazone | 0.06–0.125 | 0.125 | 0.125 |
| Clindamycin | 0.016–0.06 | 0.03 | 0.06 |
| Metronidazole | 0.125–0.5 | 0.125 | 0.25 |
| Fusobacterium nucleatum (15/2) | |||
| Cefminox | 0.06–1.0 | 0.5 | 1.0 |
| Cefoxitin | 0.25–1.0 | 0.25 | 1.0 |
| Cefotetan | 0.125–0.5 | 0.25 | 0.5 |
| Moxalactam | 1.0–4.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Ceftizoxime | 0.125–1.0 | 0.25 | 1.0 |
| Cefotiam | 0.125–2.0 | 0.5 | 2.0 |
| Cefamandole | 0.125–1.0 | 0.25 | 1.0 |
| Cefoperazone | 0.125–2.0 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| Clindamycin | 0.06–0.125 | 0.06 | 0.125 |
| Metronidazole | 0.125–0.5 | 0.125 | 0.25 |
| Fusobacterium mortiferum (13/2) | |||
| Cefminox | 0.5–1.0 | 0.5 | 1.0 |
| Cefoxitin | 1.0–8.0 | 4.0 | 8.0 |
| Cefotetan | 2.0–8.0 | 4.0 | 8.0 |
| Moxalactam | 4.0–16.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 |
| Ceftizoxime | >128.0 | >128.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefotiam | 4.0–>128.0 | 128.0 | 128.0 |
| Cefamandole | 0.5–128.0 | 64.0 | 128.0 |
| Cefoperazone | 1.0–32.0 | 4.0 | 8.0 |
| Clindamycin | 0.125–4.0 | 0.25 | 0.5 |
| Metronidazole | 0.125–0.5 | 0.25 | 0.5 |
| Fusobacterium varium (16/0) | |||
| Cefminox | 0.25–2.0 | 0.5 | 1.0 |
| Cefoxitin | 2.0–8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 |
| Cefotetan | 0.5–4.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 |
| Moxalactam | 4.0–16.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 |
| Ceftizoxime | 4.0–64.0 | 32.0 | 32.0 |
| Cefotiam | 4.0–32.0 | 16.0 | 16.0 |
| Cefamandole | 8.0–32.0 | 16.0 | 32.0 |
| Cefoperazone | 2.0–16.0 | 8.0 | 16.0 |
| Clindamycin | 2.0–64.0 | 8.0 | 64.0 |
| Metronidazole | 0.125–0.25 | 0.125 | 0.25 |
| Fusobacteria (59/4) | |||
| Cefminox | 0.06–2.0 | 0.5 | 1.0 |
| Cefoxitin | 0.125–8.0 | 1 | 8.0 |
| Cefotetan | 0.06–8.0 | 0.5 | 4.0 |
| Moxalactam | 0.125–16.0 | 4.0 | 8.0 |
| Ceftizoxime | 0.06–>128.0 | 1.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefotiam | 0.125–>128.0 | 2.0 | 128.0 |
| Cefamandole | 0.06–128.0 | 1.0 | 64.0 |
| Cefoperazone | 0.06–32.0 | 1.0 | 8.0 |
| Clindamycin | 0.016–64.0 | 0.125 | 32.0 |
| Metronidazole | 0.125–0.5 | 0.125 | 0.25 |
| Peptostreptococcic (47/0) | |||
| Cefminox | 0.125–4.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Cefoxitin | 0.06–2.0 | 0.5 | 1.0 |
| Cefotetan | 0.25–2.0 | 0.5 | 2.0 |
| Moxalactam | 0.06–16.0 | 2.0 | 8.0 |
| Ceftizoxime | 0.06–16.0 | 1.0 | 8.0 |
| Cefotiam | 0.5–16.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 |
| Cefamandole | 0.125–64.0 | 2.0 | 16.0 |
| Cefoperazone | 0.125–4.0 | 1.0 | 4.0 |
| Clindamycin | 0.06–8.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Metronidazole | 0.125–4.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Propionibacterium spp.d (25/0) | |||
| Cefminox | 0.5–4.0 | 0.5 | 1.0 |
| Cefoxitin | 0.125–1.0 | 0.25 | 1.0 |
| Cefotetan | 0.25–1.0 | 0.5 | 1.0 |
| Moxalactam | 1.0–2.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Ceftizoxime | 0.06–0.25 | 0.125 | 0.25 |
| Cefotiam | 0.125–4.0 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Cefamandole | 0.25–2.0 | 0.5 | 1.0 |
| Cefoperazone | 0.25–2.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Clindamycin | 0.06–0.5 | 0.06 | 0.25 |
| Metronidazole | >16.0 | >16.0 | >16.0 |
| Other gram-positive, non-spore-forming rodse (11/0) | |||
| Cefminox | 2.0–>128.0 | >128.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefoxitin | 0.25–>128.0 | >128.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefotetan | 0.5–>128.0 | >128.0 | >128.0 |
| Moxalactam | 1.0–>128.0 | >128.0 | >128.0 |
| Ceftizoxime | 0.06–32.0 | 32.0 | 32.0 |
| Cefotiam | 2.0–64.0 | 64.0 | 64.0 |
| Cefamandole | 1.0–64.0 | 64.0 | 64.0 |
| Cefoperazone | 0.25–128.0 | 16.0 | 64.0 |
| Clindamycin | 0.03–1.0 | 0.5 | 1.0 |
| Metronidazole | 0.5–>16.0 | >16.0 | >16.0 |
| Clostridium perfringens (20/0) | |||
| Cefminox | 0.5–2.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Cefoxitin | 1.0–4.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Cefotetan | 1.0–4.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 |
| Moxalactam | 0.5–8.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Ceftizoxime | 0.5–8.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
| Cefotiam | 2.0–16.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 |
| Cefamandole | 2.0–8.0 | 4.0 | 8.0 |
| Cefoperazone | 1.0–4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
| Clindamycin | 0.06–4.0 | 1.0 | 4.0 |
| Metronidazole | 0.5–2.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 |
| Clostridium difficile (10/0) | |||
| Cefminox | 2.0–4.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Cefoxitin | 64.0–128.0 | 128.0 | 128.0 |
| Cefotetan | 8.0–32.0 | 16.0 | 16.0 |
| Moxalactam | 64.0–128.0 | 64.0 | 128.0 |
| Ceftizoxime | >128.0 | >128.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefotiam | >128.0 | >128.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefamandole | 32.0–128.0 | 64.0 | 128.0 |
| Cefoperazone | 32.0–64.0 | 64.0 | 64.0 |
| Clindamycin | 4.0–>64.0 | 8.0 | >64.0 |
| Metronidazole | 0.25–0.5 | 0.25 | 0.5 |
| Other clostridiaf (19/0) | |||
| Cefminox | 0.25–2.0 | 0.5 | 2.0 |
| Cefoxitin | 0.5–4.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 |
| Cefotetan | 0.25–4.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 |
| Moxalactam | 0.5–8.0 | 4.0 | 8.0 |
| Ceftizoxime | 0.125–>128.0 | 64.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefotiam | 1.0–128.0 | 16.0 | 128.0 |
| Cefamandole | 1.0–16.0 | 4.0 | 16.0 |
| Cefoperazone | 0.25–128.0 | 4.0 | 128.0 |
| Clindamycin | 0.016–>64.0 | 2.0 | 16.0 |
| Metronidazole | 0.25–1.0 | 0.5 | 1.0 |
| All strains (357/128) | |||
| Cefminox | 0.06–>128.0 | 1.0 | 16.0 |
| Cefoxitin | 0.06–>128.0 | 2.0 | 64.0 |
| Cefotetan | 0.06–>128.0 | 2.0 | 128.0 |
| Moxalactam | 0.06–>128.0 | 2.0 | 64.0 |
| Ceftizoxime | 0.06–>128.0 | 4.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefotiam | 0.06–>128.0 | 16.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefamandole | 0.06–>128.0 | 8.0 | >128.0 |
| Cefoperazone | 0.06–>128.0 | 4.0 | 128.0 |
| Clindamycin | 0.008–>64.0 | 0.5 | 8.0 |
| Metronidazole | 0.125–>16.0 | 1.0 | 4.0 |
a
Values in parentheses are numbers of strains tested/numbers of strains β-lactamase positive.
b
Prevotella oris (n = 1), Prevotella oralis (n = 1), Prevotella buccae (n = 5), and Porphyromonas asaccharolytica (n = 3).
c
Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus (n = 15), Peptostreptococcus magnus (n = 13), Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (n = 6), and Peptostreptococcus tetradius (n = 13).
d
Propionibacterium acnes (n = 24) and Propionibacterium sp. (n = 1).
e
Actinomyces sp. (n = 1), Eubacterium lentum (n = 2); Lactobacillus spp. (n = 6), and Bifidobacterium spp. (n = 2).
f
Clostridium tertium (n = 5), Clostridium bifermentans (n = 3), Clostridium sordellii (n = 5), Clostridium cadaveris (n = 2), and Clostridium spp. (n = 4).