Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2023 Sep 20;16:1201744. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1201744

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2023 Sokol and Lahiri.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Highlights of sAPPa pathway and putative biochemical mechanism leading to Macrocephaly. Inflammation, infection, and toxins are among the triggers of α-secretase, which are members of the ADAM (A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease domain) family expressed on the surfaces of cells. Cleavage of APP by α-secretase results in the generation of large extracellular sAPPα. ADAM 10 is essential for Notch signaling. Aberrant signaling of the ERK/MAPK pathway may lead to white matter brain overgrowth in ASD. This includes Interleukin 1-beta (IL1β), Endothelial growth factor (EGF) and receptor (EGFR), and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNFα,). which are elevated in ASD. External stressors, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and reactive oxidizing species (ROS), generated by oxidative stress, have been connected to ASD. Perturbation of the ERK/MAPK pathway, by a number of causes, can stimulate the ADAM enzymes. ADAMs cleave APP at the α-secretase site, producing sAPPα. They are also required for EGFR signaling and they stimulate NOTCH activity.