Table 1.
Participants characteristics.
| IBS subtype |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
Constipation |
Diarrhea |
Mixed |
No IBS |
q-value |
| (N = 49) | (N = 59) | (N = 64) | (N = 797) | ||
| Age (year) | 44.5 (13.7) | 42.9 (12.3) | 41.3 (11.3) | 46.1 (11.9) | 0.03 |
| Female, N (%) | 45 (91.8%) | 55 (93.2%) | 54 (84.4%) | 547 (68.6%) | 0.003 |
| BMI (kg/m2 | 25.8 (6.82) | 26.9 (6.08) | 26.3 (5.47) | 25.5 (4.82) | 0.48 |
| Education, N (%) | 0.45 | ||||
| Low (level 1–2) | 6 (12.2%) | 5 (8.5%) | 8 (12.5%) | 97 (12.2%) | |
| Middle (level 3–4) | 8 (16.3%) | 10 (16.9%) | 15 (23.4%) | 225 (28.2%) | |
| High (university or postgraduate) | 34 (69.4%) | 44 (74.6%) | 41 (64.1%) | 466 (58.5%) | |
| Missing | 1 (2.0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 9 (1.1%) | |
| Menopausal status among women, N (%) | 0.003 | ||||
| Pre-menopausal | 24 (49.0%) | 36 (61.0%) | 39 (60.9%) | 260 (32.6%) | |
| Current | 2 (4.1%) | 7 (11.9%) | 3 (4.7%) | 43 (5.4%) | |
| Post-menopausal | 14 (28.6%) | 8 (13.6%) | 10 (15.6%) | 173 (21.7%) | |
| Missing | 5 (1.2%) | 4 (6.8%) | 2 (3.1%) | 71 (8.9%) | |
| Menopausal Hormone Therapy, N (%) | 6 (12.2%) | 6 (10.2%) | 10 (15.6%) | 62 (7.8%) | 0.24 |
| Smoking status | 0.15 | ||||
| Never | 31 (63.3%) | 47 (79.7%) | 29 (45.3%) | 478 (60.0%) | |
| Past | 15 (3.6%) | 8 (13.6%) | 29 (45.3%) | 277 (34.8%) | |
| Current | 3 (6.1%) | 4 (6.8%) | 5 (7.8%) | 40 (5.0%) | |
| Missing | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.6%) | 2 (0.3%) | |
| Antibiotic use in past 3 months | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.7%) | 3 (4.7%) | 28 (3.5%) | 0.60 |
| Regular probiotic use | 5 (1.2%) | 2 (3.4%) | 6 (9.4%) | 49 (6.1%) | 0.52 |
| Healthy eating index | 59.6 (8.88) | 60.2 (10.4) | 60.2 (9.47) | 57.7 (10.7) | 0.17 |
| Total energy intake | 1690 (524) | 1600 (459) | 1630 (475) | 1740 (516) | 0.17 |
| Bristol stool chart, N (%) | 0.003 | ||||
| Hard (type 1–2) | 16 (32.7%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (7.8%) | 54 (6.8%) | |
| Loose (type 6–7) | 1 (2.0%) | 11 (18.6%) | 2 (3.1%) | 42 (5.3%) | |
| Normal (type 3–5) | 31 (63.3%) | 48 (81.4%) | 55 (85.9%) | 677 (84.9%) | |
| Missing | 1 (2.0%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (3.1%) | 24 (3.0%) | |
Values are shown as mean (SD) unless otherwise indicated. We used the Kruskal-Wallis test and Chi-square test to assess differences in IBS subtypes for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. P-values were adjusted for multiple testing using the Benjamini-Hochberg method to obtain q-values.